Table 3.

Stratified analysis of the association of alcohol consumption change with major adverse cardiovascular events among initial non-drinkers according to subgroups of sex, age, physical activity, smoking, and Charlson comorbidity index.

	Alcohol intake during second health examination (drinks per day)					p for interaction
	0	> 0– ≤ 1	> 1– ≤ 2	> 2– ≤ 4	> 4
Sex
Men	1.00 (reference)	0.73 (0.61–0.88)	0.81 (0.61–1.09)	0.95 (0.70–1.29)	1.04 (0.68–1.60)	0.70
Women	1.00 (reference)	0.92 (0.71–1.18)	1.00 (0.45–2.23)	0.45 (0.06–3.21)	-
Age, years
< 60	1.00 (reference)	0.77 (0.62–0.96)	0.86 (0.60–1.24)	0.78 (0.51–1.19)	1.03 (0.62–1.70)	0.52
≥ 60	1.00 (reference)	0.74 (0.60–0.92)	0.72 (0.48–1.08)	0.94 (0.62–1.42)	0.70 (0.31–1.57)
Physical activity
No	1.00 (reference)	0.73 (0.57–0.93)	0.55 (0.33–0.92)	1.03 (0.67–1.60)	1.48 (0.85–2.57)	0.15
Yes	1.00 (reference)	0.83 (0.69–1.01)	1.05 (0.76–1.45)	0.88 (0.58–1.32)	0.73 (0.37–1.41)
Income
1st	1.00 (reference)	0.63 (0.48–0.83)	0.71 (0.43–1.15)	0.77 (0.45–1.32)	1.19 (0.61–2.32)	0.60
2–4th	1.00 (reference)	0.88 (0.74–1.06)	0.92 (0.66–1.28)	1.05 (0.74–1.50)	0.96 (0.55–1.66)
Smoking
Never or past smoker	1.00 (reference)	0.81 (0.68–0.96)	1.04 (0.75–1.44)	0.87 (0.56–1.34)	1.51 (0.89–2.57)	0.62
Current smoker	1.00 (reference)	0.74 (0.55–1.00)	0.60 (0.37–0.96)	0.94 (0.62–1.42)	0.60 (0.30–1.22)
Charlson comorbidity index
0–1	1.00 (reference)	0.82 (0.65–1.03)	0.77 (0.51–1.17)	1.24 (0.85–1.81)	1.36 (0.80–2.33)	0.20
≥ 2	1.00 (reference)	0.77 (0.63–0.94)	0.90 (0.63–1.30)	0.68 (0.42–1.10)	0.74 (0.37–1.49)

Adjusted hazard ratio calculated by Cox proportional hazards regression after adjustments for age, sex, household income, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting serum glucose, total cholesterol, and Charlson comorbidity index.