TABLE 1.
Sterolbiome metabolites alter host physiology
| Host target (abbreviation) | Sterolbiome agonists | Disease relevance | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nuclear receptor | |||
| Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) | DCA, LCA | Metabolic syndrome, colon cancer, liver cancer | 10, 57, 187 |
| Pregnane-activated receptor (PXR) | LCA, DCA | Metabolic syndrome, colon cancer, liver cancer | 10, 57, 187 |
| Vitamin D receptor (VDR) | 3-Oxo-LCA, LCA | Colon cancer, liver cancer, cholestasis | 10, 57, 187 |
| Androgen receptor (AR) | 11-Oxyandrogens | Colon cancer, prostate cancer, immune system function | 141, 188 |
| Retinoic acid receptor γ T (RORγT) | Allo-DCA, allo-LCA, isoalloLCA | Colon cancer, IBD,a liver regeneration, liver cancer | 61 |
| G protein-coupled receptor | |||
| TGR-5 | DCA, LCA | Metabolic syndrome, cancer, liver regeneration | 57 |
| M2,3-muscarinic receptor | DCA, LCA, TDCA, TLCA, GDCA, GLCA | Colon cancer, fetal heart arrhythmia | 57, 189–191 |
| Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 | TLCA, TDCA | Metabolic syndrome | 57 |
| Membrane androgen receptor | 11-Oxyandrogens | Prostate cancer, colon cancer | 192 |
| Host enzyme | |||
| 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase1/2 | 7-Oxo-LCA, 11-oxyandrogens, 11-oxy-progesterone | Hypertension, metabolic syndrome | 97, 126 |
| Transcription/cell adhesion | |||
| β-Catenin | DCA, LCA | Colon cancer | 193 |
a
IBD, inflammatory bowel disease.