TABLE 1.

Sterolbiome metabolites alter host physiology

Host target (abbreviation)	Sterolbiome agonists	Disease relevance	Reference(s)
Nuclear receptor
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR)	DCA, LCA	Metabolic syndrome, colon cancer, liver cancer	10, 57, 187
Pregnane-activated receptor (PXR)	LCA, DCA	Metabolic syndrome, colon cancer, liver cancer	10, 57, 187
Vitamin D receptor (VDR)	3-Oxo-LCA, LCA	Colon cancer, liver cancer, cholestasis	10, 57, 187
Androgen receptor (AR)	11-Oxyandrogens	Colon cancer, prostate cancer, immune system function	141, 188
Retinoic acid receptor γ T (RORγT)	Allo-DCA, allo-LCA, isoalloLCA	Colon cancer, IBD,a liver regeneration, liver cancer	61
G protein-coupled receptor
TGR-5	DCA, LCA	Metabolic syndrome, cancer, liver regeneration	57
M2,3-muscarinic receptor	DCA, LCA, TDCA, TLCA, GDCA, GLCA	Colon cancer, fetal heart arrhythmia	57, 189–191
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2	TLCA, TDCA	Metabolic syndrome	57
Membrane androgen receptor	11-Oxyandrogens	Prostate cancer, colon cancer	192
Host enzyme
11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase1/2	7-Oxo-LCA, 11-oxyandrogens, 11-oxy-progesterone	Hypertension, metabolic syndrome	97, 126
Transcription/cell adhesion
β-Catenin	DCA, LCA	Colon cancer	193

^aIBD, inflammatory bowel disease.