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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 12.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto Calif). 2020 Jun 12;13(1):17–43. doi: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-090919-102205

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Fluid actuation via acoustic microfluidics. (a–c) Contactless liquid handling via acoustic levitation. (a) Controlled translation and merging of two droplets in air by spatiotemporally varying the levitation potential inside a five Langevin piezoelectric transducer (LPT). The blue region indicates the levitation nodes. (b) Schematic contactless DNA transfection process and experimental images of the transfected cells in 96-well plate. (c) Droplet merging experiment demonstrating the switching of photochemical fluorescein under different pH values. Panels a–c adapted with permission from Reference 62 and the National Academy of Sciences. (d–f ) Time-lapse images of droplet pipetting using surface acoustic waves. Panels d–f adapted with permission from Reference 149. Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry. Abbreviations: IDT, interdigitated transducer; TA, transfection agent.