Table 3.
Experimental studies on interpersonal motor alignment on adolescents (13-17 years). Result from a systematic search of studies indexed on Pubmed on interpersonal motor alignment in adolescents. The table shows references with authors and year of publication, the type of interpersonal motor alignment (IMA), main findings and method used; * denotes studies mentioned in the text, EEG = electroencephalography, EMG = electromyography, fMRI = functional magnetic resonance imaging, IFG = inferior frontal gyrus, MTG = middle temporal gyrus, SMG = supramarginal gyrus, n = number of participants (in the final sample of analyzed data).
| Authors | IMA | Main finding | Method | Age in years, sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ardizzi et al., 2014 | Mimicry (face) | More spontaneous mimicry of videos of facial expressions of peers | Behavior, EMG | 15−19, n = 20 |
| *Bevilacqua et al., 2019 | Brain synchrony | No correlation between student-student and student-teacher synchrony and memory retention | EEG hyperscanning | 16−18, n = 12 |
| *Brunsdon et al., 2020 | Action observation | Increases mu and beta suppression with age throughout adolescence | EEG | 10−86, n = 301 |
| *Cook and Bird, 2011 | Automatic imitation | Congruency effect similar to adults; modulated by social priming in adults only. | Behavior | 13, n = 34 Adults n = 56 |
| *Dikker et al., 2017 | Brain synchrony | Intersubject brain-to-brain synchrony in classroom modulated by closeness and shared attention. | EEG hyperscanning | 17−18, n = 12 |
| Fitzpatrick et al., 2016 | Synchrony | Spontaneous phase entrainment with parent during pendulum swing | Behavior | 12−16, n = 9 |
| Fourie et al., 2020 | Action observation | AON activity stronger with age and higher for communicative gestures in IFG and MTG | fMRI | 9.5–17, n = 16 |
| Gordon et al., 2020 | Automatic imitation | Strong effect, modulated by block congruency rate | Behavior | 14−24 n = 50 |
| *Oberman et al., 2013 | Action observation | Mu suppression during observation but not executions increases with age | EEG | 6−17, n = 51 |
| Pokorny et al., 2015 | Action observation | Same network as in adults studies. Effect of object presence in IFG and SMF | fMRI | 9−17, n = 18 |
| Xavier et al., 2018 | Synchrony | Improvement with age in instructed synchronization of movement and posture with virtual character | Behavior | 6−19, n = 38 |
| * Wadsworth et al., 2017 | Imitation | Online Instructed imitation of hand postures; AON activity except in STS | fMRI | 8−17, n = 15 |