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. 2020 Jul 26;12(7):633–658. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i7.633

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©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Mesencephalic astrocyte–derived neurotrophic factor expression in microglia/macrophages in cerebral ischemia. A and B: Western blot (A) and qRT-PCR analysis (B) of MANF expression at 24 h after cerebral I/R injury; C: Immunohistochemical analysis of MANF expression in the microglia/macrophages of the injured brains. Representative images of immunohistochemical staining for the microglia/macrophage marker Iba1 (green) and MANF (red), with DAPI (blue) as a nuclear counterstain, are shown. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs Sham group; ^dP < 0.01 vs I/R and I/R + PBS groups; ^fP < 0.01 vs I/R + BMSCs and I/R + BMSCs-NC groups. Scale bar = 50 μm. Arrows point to the MANF⁺/Iba1⁺ cells. The values are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 6). MANF: Mesencephalic astrocyte–derived neurotrophic factor; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; I/R: Ischemia/reperfusion; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; BMSCs: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; BMSCs-NC: Negative control-transfected BMSCs; BMSCs-siMANF: MANF siRNA-transfected BMSCs; Iba1: Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule; DAPI: 4'6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.