Table 1.
Demographic, preoperative, and intraoperative data
| Variables | All patients [n = 822] | Non-PPC group [n = 710] | PPC group [n = 112] | p-Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex | 131 (15.9) | 107 (15.1) | 24 (21.4) | 0.088 |
| Age, years | 64.2 ± 10.1 | 63.7 ± 10.0 | 67.2 ± 10.1 | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.1 ± 3.2 | 24.1 ± 3.1 | 24.2 ± 3.8 | 0.845 |
| ASA Physical Status | 0.070 | |||
| ≤ 2 | 731 (88.9) | 637 (89.7) | 94 (83.9) | |
| 3 | 91 (11.1) | 73 (10.3) | 18 (16.1) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 152 (18.5) | 126 (17.7) | 26 (23.2) | 0.166 |
| Hypertension | 331 (40.3) | 275 (38.7) | 56 (50.0) | 0.024 |
| Coronary artery disease | 40 (4.9) | 33 (4.6) | 7 (6.3) | 0.464 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 30 (3.6) | 23 (3.2) | 7 (6.3) | 0.114 |
| COPD | 29 (3.5) | 24 (3.4) | 5 (4.5) | 0.563 |
| Smoking history | 0.169 | |||
| Non-smoker | 344 (41.8) | 288 (40.6) | 56 (50.0) | |
| Ex-smoker | 381 (46.4) | 336 (47.3) | 45 (40.2) | |
| Current smoker | 97 (11.8) | 86 (12.1) | 11 (11.3) | |
| Tumor stage | 0.863 | |||
| 1 | 51 (6.2) | 43 (6.1) | 8 (7.1) | |
| 2 | 541 (65.8) | 469 (66.1) | 72 (64.3) | |
| 3 | 138 (16.8) | 117 (16.5) | 21 (18.8) | |
| 4 | 92 (11.2) | 81 (11.4) | 11 (9.8) | |
| Tumor grade | 0.070 | |||
| 2 | 33 (4.0) | 25 (3.5) | 8 (7.1) | |
| 3 | 789 (96.0) | 685 (96.5) | 104 (92.9) | |
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 163 (19.8) | 129 (18.2) | 34 (30.4) | 0.003 |
| Preoperative laboratory tests | ||||
| White blood cells, /mm3 | 6869.4 ± 2742.0 | 6885.2 ± 2747.5 | 6769.6 ± 2716.7 | 0.679 |
| Lymphocyte, /mm3 | 1918.6 ± 793.8 | 1968.1 ± 797.5 | 1604.4 ± 694.6 | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.3 ± 2.0 | 12.4 ± 1.9 | 11.4 ± 2.2 | < 0.001 |
| Platelets, 103/µL | 245.4 ± 85.7 | 245.8 ± 84.0 | 242.8 ± 96.0 | 0.730 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 |
| PNI | 46.6 ± 6.7 | 47.4 ± 6.1 | 41.4 ± 8.1 | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 1.4 | < 0.001 |
| Operation duration, min | 430.0 ± 103.0 | 433.3 ± 100.4 | 409.6 ± 116.5 | 0.024 |
| Anesthesia duration, min | 451.1 ± 99.9 | 454.0 ± 97.3 | 432.9 ± 114.0 | 0.038 |
| Crystalloid amount, mL | 3421.5 ± 1368.5 | 3431.3 ± 1342.7 | 3359.4 ± 1527.2 | 0.606 |
| Colloid amount, mL | 570.2 ± 463.9 | 577.4 ± 468.9 | 524.7 ± 430.0 | 0.265 |
| Red blood cell transfusion | 482 (58.6) | 404 (56.9) | 78 (69.6) | 0.011 |
| Reversal agent of NMB | 0.001 | |||
| Neostigmine-glycopyrrolate | 730 (88.8) | 641 (90.3) | 89 (79.5) | |
| Sugammadex | 92 (11.2) | 69 (9.7) | 23 (20.5) | |
| Urinary diversion type | < 0.001 | |||
| Ileal conduit | 310 (37.7) | 247 (34.8) | 463 (56.3) | |
| Ileal neobladder | 512 (62.3) | 463 (65.2) | 49 (43.8) | |
Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation, and categorical variables are presented as number (%)
PPC postoperative pulmonary complication, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PNI prognostic nutritional index, NMB neuromuscular blockade
aFor comparisons between the PPC and non-PPC groups