Table 2.
PM10 emissions and bacterial emission fluxes. a
| PM10 | Bacterial cell counts (epifluor. microscopy) | Blood agar CFU | KAA agar CFU (Enterococci) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fertilizer application | per ha | 0.18 ± 0.12 kg | 5.5 × 1016 ± 3.6 × 1016 | 8.5 × 1015 ± 5.7 × 1015 | 3.5 × 1013 ± 2.4 × 1013 |
| Tillage | per ha | 1.15 ± 0.59 kg | 1.8 × 1014 ± 9.3 × 1013 | 5.0 × 1012 ± 2.6 × 1012 | 2.9 × 1010 ± 1.5 × 1010 |
| Wind‐driven emission, immediately following fertilization b | per ha per month per m2 per second | 6.1 kg (41 kg) |
9.6 × 1014 (6.4 × 1015) 3.6 × 104 (2.5 × 105) |
2.7 × 1013 (1.8 × 1014) 1 × 103 (7.1 × 103) |
1.5 × 1011 (1.0 × 1012) 5.9 (38) |
| Wind‐driven emission, four weeks after fertilization c |
per ha per month per m2 per second |
6.1 kg (41 kg) |
4.7 × 1014 (3.2 × 1015) 1.8 × 104 (1.2 × 105) |
3.9 × 1011 (2.6 × 1012) 15 (100) |
5.3 × 109 (3.6 × 1010) 0.2 (1.3) |
a
Emissions during fertilizer application and tillage were measured in the field. Wind‐driven emissions were measured in a wind tunnel and projected to the field site considering long‐term weather data.
b
Long‐term mean (maximum) for March (Fig. 6_PM10release), based on bacterial load measured during tillage.
c
Long‐term mean (maximum) for March (Fig. 6_PM10release), based on bacterial load measured 4 weeks after fertilization.