Table.
Demographics and study characteristics.
| Study | Study Design | Risk of Bias | Disease Treated | No. of Patients Treated | No. of HCWs Exposed | Modality of Oxygen Therapy Assessed | HCWs Infected, %, 95% CI | HCWs Who Always Wore an N95 Respirator, Equivalent, or Greater Protection While in Patient’s Room, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belenguer-Muncharaz, 201156 | Case series | High | Influenza | 5 | NA | CPAP, BiPAP | 0, NA | NA |
| Cai, 202057 | Case series | High | COVID-19 | 12 | 9 | Bronchoscope-guided intubation | 0, 0–37 | 100 |
| Caputo, 200629 | Case series | High | SARS | 35 | 33 | Intubation | 9, 2–25 | 91 |
| Chan, 201358 | Model | High | — | — | — | Bag-valve-mask ventilation | — | — |
| Chan, 201859 | Model | High | — | — | — | Bag-valve-mask ventilation | — | — |
| Chen, 200640 | Case control | High | SARS | 98 | NA | Oxygen therapy (undefined) | NA | NA |
| Chen, 200931 | Case control | Moderate | SARS | NA | 758 | Intubation | 12, 10–15 | NA |
| Cheng, 201532∗ | Retrospective cohort | High | Influenza | 1 | 82 | BiPAP, intubation | 0, 0–5 | 6 |
| Cheung, 200460 | Case series | High | SARS | 20 | 105 | BiPAP | 0, 0–4 | NA |
| Christian, 200442 | Case series | High | SARS | 1 | 9 | Mixed exposure | 22, 6–55 | 100 |
| Fowler, 200428 | Retrospective cohort | High | SARS | 7 | 122 | Intubation, BiPAP | 10, 5–14 | NA |
| Ha, 200439 | Retrospective cohort | High | SARS | NA | 62 | BiPAP | 0, 0–7 | 31 |
| Han, 200419 | Case series | High | SARS | 30 | NA | BiPAP | 0, NA | NA |
| Heinzerling, 202033 | Retrospective cohort | High | COVID-19 | 1 | 43 | High-flow oxygen (undefined), face mask, NIV (undefined), bag-valve-mask ventilation, intubation | 7, 2–20 | 0 |
| Hui, 200661 | Model | High | — | — | — | Face mask | — | — |
| Hui, 200662 | Model | High | — | — | — | BiPAP | — | — |
| Hui, 201146 | Model | High | — | — | — | Nasal cannula | — | — |
| Hui, 201444 | Model | High | — | — | — | Nasal cannula, face mask, BiPAP | — | — |
| Hui, 201563 | Model | High | — | — | — | BiPAP | — | — |
| Hui, 201964 | Model | High | — | — | — | High-flow nasal cannula, CPAP | — | — |
| Ip, 200747 | Model | High | — | — | — | Face mask | — | — |
| Iwashyna, 202025 | Model | High | — | — | — | Nasal cannula, face mask, high-flow nasal cannula | — | — |
| Kotoda, 202065 | Model | High | — | — | — | High-flow nasal cannula | — | — |
| Leonard, 202022 | Model | High | — | — | — | Nasal cannula, high-flow nasal cannula | — | — |
| Leung, 201966 | Model | High | — | — | — | High-flow nasal cannula | — | — |
| Liu, 200934 | Case control | Moderate | SARS | NA | 477 | Intubation | 11, 8–14 | 7 |
| Loeb, 200427 | Retrospective cohort | Moderate | SARS | 3 | 32 | Face mask, BiPAP, bag-valve-mask ventilation, intubation | 25, 13–42 | 50 |
| Loh, 202020 | Model | High | — | — | — | High-flow nasal cannula | — | — |
| Luo, 201545 | Case report | High | MERS | 1 | NA | High-flow nasal cannula | 0, NA | NA |
| Mardimae, 200626 | Model | High | — | — | — | Face mask | — | — |
| Nam, 201743 | Case report | High | MERS | 1 | 6 | Mixed exposure | 17, 3–56 | 100 |
| Ng, 202035 | Retrospective cohort | High | COVID-19 | 1 | 41 | NIV (undefined), intubation | 0, 0–9 | 15 |
| Nishiyama, 200841 | Retrospective cohort | High | SARS | NA | 146 | Oxygen therapy (undefined) | 29, 22–38 | NA |
| O’Neil, 201767 | Model | High | — | — | — | BiPAP | — | — |
| Park, 200430 | Retrospective cohort | High | SARS | 6 | 110 | Mixed exposure | 0, 0–5 | 52 |
| Pei, 200636 | Case control | Moderate | SARS | NA | 443 | Intubation | 33, 29–38 | NA |
| Raboud, 201024 | Case control | High | SARS | 45 | 624 | High-flow oxygen (undefined), face mask, BiPAP, bag-valve-mask ventilation, intubation | 4, 3–6 | 87 |
| Rello, 201221 | Case series | High | Influenza | 20 | NA | High-flow nasal cannula | 0, NA | NA |
| Roberts, 201548∗ | Model | High | — | — | — | High-flow nasal cannula | — | — |
| Scales, 200337 | Case control | High | SARS | 1 | 31 | NIV (undefined), intubation | 19, 8–38 | 19 |
| Simonds, 201050 | Model | High | — | — | — | Face mask, BiPAP | — | — |
| Somogyi, 200468 | Model | High | — | — | — | Face mask | — | — |
| Teleman, 200438 | Case control | High | SARS | 3 | 86 | Oxygen therapy (undefined), intubation | 47, 37–57 | 30 |
| Thompson, 201369 | Model | High | Influenza | 5 | — | Intubation | — | — |
| Tonveronachi, 201170∗ | Case series | High | Influenza | 25 | NA | BiPAP | 0, NA | NA |
| Vivarelli, 201371 | Case series | High | Influenza | 14 | NA | CPAP, BiPAP | 0, NA | NA |
| Wong, 201023 | Case series | High | Influenza | 1 | 29 | BiPAP | 0, 0–15 | NA |
| Wong, 201172∗ | Case series | High | Influenza | 1 | 3 | NIV (undefined) | 100, 44–100 | NA |
| Yu, 200718 | Case control | High | SARS | NA | NA | Oxygen therapy (undefined), face mask, BiPAP, intubation | NA | NA |
| Zhao, 200373 | Case series | High | SARS | 1 | 4 | Intubation | 100, 51–100 | NA |
HCW, Health care worker; NA, not available, CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome, -, not relevant.
∗
Abstract only.