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. 2020 Jul 19;16(14):2518–2526. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.48330

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Immunoproteasome-related cytokines alter IgA1 O-glycosylation. O-glycans are synthesized in a stepwise manner, starting with attachment of N-acetylgalactosamine to Ser/Thr residues of the hinge region (catalyzed by GalNAc-Ts), followed by addition of galactose (catalyzed by C1GalT1 and its chaperone C1GalT1C1). Sialic acid can be added to each glycan by ST6GalNAC-II for attachment to GalNAc and this can prevent subsequent addition of galactose. IL-17 decreases expression of C1GalT1 and its chaperon C1GALT1C1; IL-6 increases expression of ST6GalNAC-II and decreases expression of C1GalT1. Both of the immunoproteasome-related cytokines can stimulate production of Gd-IgA1. Ser: serine; Thr: threonine; GalNAc: N-acetylgalactosaminyl; Neu5Ac: N-acetylneuraminic acid; Gal: galactose; GalNAc-Ts: N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferases; ST6GalNAc-II: α-N-acetylgalactosaminide α-2,6-sialyltransferase 2; C1GalT1: core 1 β1,3-galactosyltransferase; C1GalT1C1: C1GalT1 chaperone 1; IL-17: interleukin-17; IL-6: interleukin-6.