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. 2020 Jul 23;16(14):2648–2662. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.48358

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Impact of stepwise increase in concentrations of Mel on protein expressions of Notch/Jagged2, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), PI3K/Akt/m-TOR pathway. A) Protein expression of Notch, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p<0.0001. B) Protein expression of Jagged2, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p<0.0001. C) Protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p<0.0001. D) Protein expression of MMP-9, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p<0.0001. E) Protein expression of PI3K, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p<0.0001. F) Protein expression of phosphorylated (p)-Akt, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p<0.0001. G) Protein expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (m-TOR), * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡, §), p<0.0001. All statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test (n=4 for each group). Symbols (*, †, ‡, §) indicate significance (at 0.05 level). Mel = melatonin; SV-HUC1 = normal bladder cell line; UMUC3 = bladder cancer cell line; KD = knockdown; UMU3KD = double KD of Notch/JAG2 gene (i.e., KDNotch/JAG2) in UMU3 cells.