Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by deprivation index and MLVI
| Overall N=271 | Deprivation Index | MLVI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Mean ± SD or n (%)1 | Mean ± SD or Correlation Coefficient2 | p-value3 | Median (Q1, Q3) or Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient4 | p-value5 |
| Age at MALT Enrollment (years) | 9.50 ± 4.499 | 0.0779 | 0.2009 | −0.1128 | 0.0636 |
| Age at Transplant (years) | 3.01 ± 3.554 | −0.0439 | 0.4713 | 0.1388 | 0.0223 |
| Distance to Transplant Center | 74.94 (27.050, 186.087) | −0.1717 | 0.0046 | −0.0226 | 0.7113 |
| Site | |||||
| Center A | 65 (23.99 %) | 0.34 ± 0.107 | 0.0013 | 1.45 (0.906, 2.084) | 0.1355 |
| Center B | 69 (25.46 %) | 0.36 ± 0.152 | 1.31 (0.821, 2.308) | ||
| Center C | 63 (23.25 %) | 0.34 ± 0.113 | 1.16 (0.826, 1.561) | ||
| Center D | 74 (27.31 %) | 0.42 ± 0.160 | 1.42 (0.891, 2.114) | ||
| Primary Diagnosis | |||||
| Acute Liver Failure | 28 (10.33 %) | 0.40 ± 0.141 | 0.6300 | 1.56 (1.093, 1.980) | 0.6687 |
| Biliary Atresia | 135 (49.82 %) | 0.37 ± 0.145 | 1.31 (0.839, 2.174) | ||
| Other Cholestatic diseases | 49 (18.08 %) | 0.36 ± 0.140 | 1.30 (0.861, 2.047) | ||
| Metabolic Diseases that primarily affect other organs | 21 (7.75 %) | 0.37 ± 0.126 | 1.40 (1.001, 1.663) | ||
| Liver Malignancies | 21 (7.75 %) | 0.40 ± 0.131 | 1.06 (0.699, 2.059) | ||
| Other | 17 (6.27 %) | 0.35 ± 0.121 | 1.23 (1.091, 1.529) | ||
| Donor Type | |||||
| Deceased | 218 (80.44 %) | 0.37 ± 0.143 | 0.2775 | 1.36 (0.882, 2.114) | 0.0680 |
| Living | 53 (19.56 %) | 0.35 ± 0.124 | 1.25 (0.742, 1.713) | ||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 131 (48.34 %) | 0.36 ± 0.140 | 0.3276 | 1.33 (0.839, 2.035) | 0.9302 |
| Female | 140 (51.66 %) | 0.38 ± 0.139 | 1.35 (0.889, 2.019) | ||
| Race | |||||
| Asian | 13 (4.80 %) | 0.31 ± 0.117 | 0.0002 | 1.43 (1.278, 2.477) | 0.0215 |
| Black or African American | 30 (11.07 %) | 0.47 ± 0.143 | 1.67 (1.067, 3.336) | ||
| White or Caucasian | 195 (71.96 %) | 0.36 ± 0.137 | 1.30 (0.819, 1.860) | ||
| Other | 33 (12.18 %) | 0.37 ± 0.125 | 1.27 (0.844, 2.392) | ||
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 60 (22.14 %) | 0.48 ± 0.136 | <0.0001 | 1.34 (0.866, 2.154) | 0.6926 |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 204 (75.28 %) | 0.33 ± 0.121 | 1.34 (0.856, 1.928) | ||
| Not reported | 7 (2.58 %) | 0.44 ± 0.140 | 1.15 (0.794, 2.047) | ||
| Primary Insurance | |||||
| Medicaid or equivalent and/or state funded children’s services | 114 (42.07 %) | 0.44 ± 0.142 | <0.0001 | 1.51 (0.943, 2.321) | 0.1259 |
| HMO/managed care | 77 (28.41 %) | 0.34 ± 0.113 | 1.24 (0.832, 1.752) | ||
| Traditional private insurance | 65 (23.99 %) | 0.29 ± 0.118 | 1.27 (0.811, 1.738) | ||
| Other | 15 (5.54 %) | 0.34 ± 0.084 | 1.17 (1.012, 1.523) | ||
| Primary Caregiver’s Marital Status | |||||
| Single-parent household | 45 (16.61 %) | 0.42 ± 0.138 | 0.0098 | 1.35 (0.821, 2.254) | 0.6653 |
| Two-parent household | 224 (82.66 %) | 0.36 ± 0.138 | 1.33 (0.869, 1.943) | ||
| Missing | 2 (0.74 %) | 0.43 ± 0.186 | 0.69 (0.560, 0.811) | ||
| Primary Caregiver’s Highest Education Level | |||||
| Some high school or less | 28 (10.33 %) | 0.53 ± 0.136 | <0.0001 | 1.43 (0.923, 2.336) | 0.1142 |
| High school degree/GED | 58 (21.40 %) | 0.43 ± 0.123 | 1.54 (1.019, 2.433) | ||
| Vocational school or some college | 56 (20.66 %) | 0.38 ± 0.109 | 1.32 (0.933, 2.072) | ||
| College degree | 79 (29.15 %) | 0.31 ± 0.117 | 1.34 (0.817, 1.860) | ||
| Professional or graduate degree | 34 (12.55 %) | 0.26 ± 0.099 | 1.25 (0.783, 1.663) | ||
| Missing | 16 (5.90 %) | 0.37 ± 0.153 | 1.11 (0.826, 1.746) | ||
| Rurality | |||||
| Metropolitan | 234 (86.35 %) | 0.36 ± 0.145 | 0.0727 | 1.32 (0.861, 1.936) | 0.5748 |
| Non-Metropolitan | 37 (13.65 %) | 0.41 ± 0.087 | 1.48 (0.851, 2.420) | ||
MLVI: Medication level variability index; SD: standard deviation; Q: quartile; MALT: Medication Adherence in children who had a Liver Transplant; HMO: Health maintenance organization; GED: General education development
Mean ± SD or Median (Q1, Q3) for continuous variables and frequency and percentage for categorical variables
Pearson’s/Spearman’s correlation coefficient for continuous variables and Mean ± SD in each of the category of a categorical variable
p-value to test statistical significance of correlation coefficient between continuous variables or to test significant difference in mean Deprivation Index across the categories of a categorical variable
Spearman’s correlation coefficient for continuous variables and Median (Q1, Q3) in each of the category of a categorical variable
p-value to test statistical significance of correlation coefficient between continuous variables or to test significant difference in median MLVI across the categories of a categorical variable