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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Transplantation. 2020 Nov;104(11):2424–2434. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000003151

Figure 3. DSA-positive recipients have higher quantity of peripheral blood Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells than DSA-negative recipients.

Figure 3.

Peripheral blood from DSA-positive recipients (n=23) and DSA-negative recipients (n=72) was analyzed using flow cytometry to determine the quantity of IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells (Th1) and IL-4+CD4+ T cells (Th2). A) A significantly higher quantity of IL-4+CD4+ T cells (Th2) was detected in DSA-positive compared to DSA-negative recipients over the first year posttransplant (p=0.003). B) A higher quantity of IFN-γ+CD4+ T Cells (Th1) was detected in DSA-positive compared to DSA-negative recipients (p=0.06). Graphed data represents geometric mean ± standard error. C-E) Representative flow plots for IFN-γ+CD4+ and IL-4+CD4+ T Cells in a DSA-negative and a DSA-positive recipient 3 months posttransplant are shown. Cells were gated on lymphocytes and CD4+ T cells. The DSA positive recipient had ~2 fold more (5.0% vs. 2.5%) IL-4+CD4+ T cells and ~2 fold more IFN-γ+CD4+T cells (6.0% vs. 2.7%). F) Flow minus 1 (FMO) controls were used for setting the positive gates and indicating background staining for IL-4 and IFN-γ.