Table 1.
Prior Empirical Studies on Child Temperament and Adolescent Substance Use
| Article | N | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Dick et al., 2013 | b:4,318 g:4,091 |
• Sociability (Activity, Approach) related to higher Alc. use for g&b, • Emotional Difficulties (Intensity, Emotionality) related to lower Alc. use for g&b |
| Martel et al., 2009 | 674 | • Reactive Control (planful, neat, persistent) related to lower substance use • Negative Emotionality (rapid mood shifts) not related to substance use • Resiliency (eager, curious, vital, energetic) not related to substance use |
| Masse & Tremblay, 1997 | 656 | • Novelty Seeking (Activity) related to higher use of Alc., Cig., and Other Drugs • Harm Avoidance (worries, afraid, cries easily) related to lower use of Alc., Cig., and Other Drugs • Reward Dependence (helps clean, stops quarrels) not related to use of Alc., Cig., or Other Drugs |
| Wong et al., 2006 | 514 | • Resiliency (energetic, vital, lively, curious) related to lower Alc. use, but not Illicit Drug use • Behavioral Control (deliberates before acting) related to lower use of Alc. and Illicit Drugs |
| Buil et al., 2017 | 411 | • Approach (Behavioral Disinhibition) not related to use of Alc. or Other Drugs • Negative Reactivity (frustration, fear, discomfort) not related to use of Alc. or Other Drugs • Attention (Task Persistence) not related to use of Alc. or Other Drugs |
| Armstrong et al., 2013 | 374 | • Disinhibition (Activity, Approach) not related to Alc. Use |
| Burk et al., 2011 | 362 | • Disinhibition (Activity, Approach) not related to Alc. Use • Negative Affect (Anger, Fear, Sadness) not related to Alc. use |
| Hentges et al., 2018 | 310 | • Impulsivity (low Inhibitory Control) not related to substance use |
| Eiden et al., 2016 | 227 | • Self-regulation (Effortful Control) not related to Alc. or Mar. use |
| Rioux et al., 2016 | 209 | • Impulsivity (Behavioral Activation) not related to Alc. Use • Inhibitory Control (Effortful Control) not related to Alc. Use |
| Williams et al., 2010 | 137 | • Behavioral Inhibition (slow to approach or vocalize) not related to substance use |
| Block et al., 1988 | g:54 b:51 |
• Ego-Undercontrol (unable to delay gratification) related to higher Mar. and Hard Drug use for g&b • Ego-Resiliency (exploring, energetic, lively) related to lower Mar. and Hard Drug use for g, not b |
Note. g = girls, b = boys, Alc. = alcohol, Cig. = cigarettes, Mar. = marijuana