Table 4.

Characteristics of studies assessing preferences related to health education and communication (n=9)

Study	Medically Underserved Population	Study design	Sample size	Delivery Preference Assessed	Findings
Yu 2001	Racial/ethnic minorities	Cross-sectional Survey	332 (Chinese)	Class location	Preferred community service center (54.7%), local school (21.3%), church (20.9%), home (6.2%); senior centers, hospitals, clubs, and work places (all <3%).
Yemane 2016a	LGBTQ populations	Cross-sectional Survey	28 (WSW)	Information source	Preferred media (46%), pamphlet (21%), personal conversation with healthcare provider (18%), workshop at a community center (7%).
Haworth 2014	Racial/ethnic minorities	Mixed Methods (Survey + Focus Groups)	69 (Bhutanese refugeesb)	Information source	Preferred community health workers who spoke native language over other information sources.
Sharpe 2013	Racial/ethnic minorities	Qualitative (Interviews)	32 (Cherokee)	Information source	Preferred receiving information from a health care provider; reading HPV educational information in private; printed materials available to take home that include informational websites.
Lee 2015	Racial/ethnic minorities	Cross-sectional Survey	62 (Vietnamese American: 30 Korean American: 32)	Information source (within the context of ethnic beauty salons)	Cosmetologists preferred videos (31.3%) and 1-on-1 talks (25%) for receiving health information, and 1-on-1 talks (47.1%) and pamphlets (29.4%) for information delivery. Customers preferred videos (20.5%) and 1-on-1 talks (23.1%) for receiving health information. Customers were interested in talking about cervical cancer (75%) and willing to learn about it from cosmetologists (89%).
Kenya 2015	Racial/ethnic minorities	Qualitative (Focus Groups)	21 (Haitianc)	Screening information source Printed material attributes	Preferred community health workers to HIV case managers for information delivery. Preferred communication of cervical cancer and HPV information through Haitian radio. Preferred flip-charts to written materials.
Christopher 2009	Racial/ethnic minorities	Qualitative (Focus Groups)	68 (Apsáalooke – Crow Nation)	Printed material attributes	Preferred English brochure with native words interspersed; pictures (not drawings); pamphlets with white space.
Reed 2002	Racial/ethnic minorities	Qualitative (Focus Groups)	26 (Somalian: 10, Central American: 6, Vietnamese: 10)	Printed material attributes	Preferred visual presentations of health care information (including pictures, diagrams, and stories) and group educational sessions.
Hunter 2012	Racial/ethnic minorities	Qualitative (Interviews)	45 (Mexicand)	Printed material attributes	Preferred written descriptions focused on prevention and finding early changes instead of cervical cancer (98%); preferred more realistic illustrations of pelvic exam.

^aLetter to the editor

^bSurveys: 42, Focus groups: 27

^cBorn in Haiti

^dBorn in Mexico, lived in the US for five years or less, completed nine grades or less of formal education, and speak predominantly Spanish

Abbreviations: African American (AA); Women who have sex with women (WSW); American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN)