Figure 5.

Selene targeting the mitochondria via the caveolae-mediated endocytosis pathway. A. Immunofluorescence results of Selene accumulation in cells at different time points. B and C. Se content in the whole cell and mitochondria detected using ICP-MS. D. Results of ultrathin sectioning of cells treated with Selene detected by the TEM. E. Se content in cells after low-temperature (4 °C) and energy-depletion agent (NaN₃ + deoxyglucose) treatment. F. Se content in cells treated with clathrin-mediated endocytic inhibitors (sucrose and chlorpromazine), caveolae-mediated endocytic inhibitors (MβCD and nystatin), and macropinocytosis inhibitor (EIPA and amiloride). G. Co-IP results of TLR4 and CAV1 detected by Western blot. H and I. Immunofluorescence double-labeling results of TLR4 and CAV1. J and K. Duolink PLA results of TLR4 and CAV1 (Selene-L 10 µM, Selene-H 15 µM). L and M. Colocation results of Selene and the mitochondria after SiTLR4 treatment, as detected via immunofluorescence. Results are shown as means ± SD (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).