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. 2020 Jul 11;10(20):8996–9031. doi: 10.7150/thno.45413

Table 2.

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Chemical Methods

Method Silver precursor Reducing agent Stabilizer/Surfactant/Dispersant Operating conditions Size (nm) Shape Reference
Chemical reduction Tollens reagent Triazole sugar - Room temp. 9.7 ± 1.9 Spherical 72
AgNO3 Sodium citrate and tannic acid - Room temp., 100°C About 30 Spherical 90
AgNO3 Trisodium citrate/sodium borohydride/ascorbic acid Sodium borohydride Heat - - 91
AgNO3 Hydrazine hydrate Sodium dodecyl sulphate Room temp. 40-60 Spherical 92
Photochemical method AgNO3 Sodium borohydride Trisodium citrate Room temp., LED of specific wavelength 40-220 Decahedron, plate, prism 93
AgNO3 NaCl - Room temp., UV light, stirring About 8.6 Spherical 13
AgNO3 Sodium borohydride Trisodium citrate Mixed light irradiation, DC power 31.4 ± 1.4 Triangular plate 53
AgNO3 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone - Polychromatic Xe-Hg lamp, stirring 0.74-1.12 Spherical 79
AgNO3 Sodium borohydride, tri-sodium citrate dihydrate Polyvinylpyrrolidone LED of different wavelength 4-20 Spherical, rod, polyhedrons 94
AgNO3 Sodium citrate - 25°C, Hg-halide floodlight 4.92±1.17 - 95
Electrochemical method Silver plates - - Room temp., galvanostatic 20 - 96
Ag electrodes - - 20-95°C, 20 V, direct current, stirring 2-20 Spherical 80
Ag electrodes - N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and sodium lauryl sulfate Room temp., alternating polarity, 5-10 mA direct current, stirring 10-55 Spherical 97
Silver plate - Chitosan 25°C, constant potential, UV irradiation, stirring 2 - 16 Spherical 98
AgNO3 Sodium borohydride Chitosan Room temp., voltalab potentiostat/galvanostat About 50 - 69
Microwave-assisted synthesis AgNO3 Apple extract - Microwave, 100 ℃ 22.05 ± 1.05 Elongated and spherical-like 99
Sonochemical method AgNO3 Glucose Gelatin High-intensity ultrasound irradiation, ambient conditions About 5.3 Spherical 84
AgNO3 - J-carrageenan Room temp., ultrasound irradiation 7.07 ± 2.54; 4.08 ± 2.09; 5.01 ± 6.48 Spherical 12
AgNO3 - Dihydrolipoic acid Ultrasound irradiation, 50°C 5-10 Nanocluster 100
AgNO3 Dihydrolipoic acid Ultrasound irradiation, UV, room temp. 2 - 4 Nanocluster 101
AgNO3 Polyacrylic acid Acrylate Ultrasound irradiation, 50°C 10-15 Spherical 102
AgNO3 Sodium borohydride Poly(vinyl alcohol) Ultrasound irradiation, 60°C 13, 15, 18 Spherical 103
AgNO3 Dihydrolipoic acid Ultrasound irradiation, room temp. 2-3;
5-10		 Nanocluster 104