Figure 2.

The Digital Coding Metamaterials and Their Constitutive Digital Meta-Atoms

(A) The 1-bit digital coding metamaterial composed of two types of meta-atoms with “0” and “1” states.

(B) Top: the structure of a 1-bit digital meta-atom, which behaves as the digital states “0” and “1” when the biased PIN diode is switched “OFF” and “ON,” respectively; bottom: the corresponding phase responses of the 1-bit digital meta-atom as the PIN diode is switched “OFF” and “ON” over a range of frequencies.

(C) The theoretical and full-wave simulation results of the 1-bit digital coding metamaterials with different coding sequences under the normal incidence of EM waves.

(D) The configuration and its working mechanism of the programmable metamaterial. Adapted from (Cui et al., 2014).