Table 4.

In vivo assessment of borate-based bioactive glasses for bone regeneration.

Study	Scaffold type	Defect and treatment duration	Porosity (%) and pore size (μm)	New bone formation
Gu et al.[55,58]	3D-printed grid-like and pressed short fibers	Φ4.6 mm rat cranial – 6 and 12 weeks	47 and 150 – 300 (grid-like) 58 and 50 – 550 (pressed fibers)	Grid-like 6% (6 weeks) 9% (12 weeks) pressed fibers 20% (12 weeks)
Bi et al.[30]	Pressed short fibers	Φ4.6 mm rat cranial – 12 weeks	58 and 50 – 500	15%
Bi et al.[59]	3D-printed grid-like and freeze drying	6 mm femur 12 weeks	50 and 140 – 250 (grid-like) 47 and 50 – 150 (freeze drying)	26% (grid-like) and 28% (freeze drying)
Wang et al.[60,61]	Polymer foam replication	Φ5.0 mm rat cranial – 8 weeks	80 – 89 and 200 – 400	16% (undoped) 29% (Zn doped) 30% (Cu coped)
This study	SLS	Φ4.6 mm rat cranial – 6 weeks	47 – 54 and 1000	6% (no BMP-2) 40% (BMP-2)