Table 1.

Functions of each working device in different EHD printing platforms

Names of EHD printing subsystems	Optional devices	Function
Fluid supply	Syringe pump/vacuum pump/liquid reservoir, pipeline and connector	Delivering ink to the tip of printing nozzle
Positioner	Linear/rotary motorized positioner/manual positioner	Transmitting nozzle to printing position accurately; adjusting distance between two electrodes
Power supply	High voltage DC/AC power supply (up to 10 kV)	Providing strong electric field to produce stable conejet
Visualizing and imaging device	Highspeed CCD camera, Microscopic zoom lens, LED light	Observing deformation of cone and highspeed emission of droplet
Vibration isolation platform	Mechanical vibration isolation platform/optical tables	Preventing vibration from effecting printing results