Table 1. Probabilities and costs.
| Variable | Base case | Range considered in sensitivity analysis | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Probabilities | |||
| Probability of COVID | 0.0036 | 0.0001–1 | 6 20 |
| Probability a patient is symptomatic with COVID | 0.121 | 0–1 | 4 |
| Probability of transmission with standard precautions | All varied 0–1 | 9 10 11 12 | |
| VD (spontaneous) | 0.13 | ||
| VD IOL | 0.15 | ||
| CD (unplanned) spontaneous labor | 0.33 | ||
| CD (unplanned) IOL | 0.35 | ||
| CD (planned) | 0.27 | ||
| Probability of transmission wearing PPE | 0.07 | 0–1 | 14 |
| Sensitivity of rapid rest | 0.897 | 0.5–1 | 21 22 |
| Specificity of rapid test | 0.983 | 0.5–1 | 21 22 |
| Probability of a CD for COVID-19 negative women | All varied 0–1 | 8 | |
| IOL | 0.186 | ||
| Spontaneous labor | 0.222 | ||
| Probability of a CD with PPE (multiplier) | 1.25 | 1–2 | Assumed |
| Probability of a CD with COVID (multiplier) | 2 | 1–4 | Assumed |
| Costs | |||
| Cost of rapid test | $200 | $50–500 | UW laboratory |
| Cost of PPE for planned CD | $95.71 | $40-$500 | UW costs, 13 15 |
| Cost of PPE for unplanned CD | $147.21 | $40–500 | UW costs 13 15 |
| Cost of PPE for spontaneous VD | $90.43 | $40–500 | UW costs 13 |
| Cost of PPE for induced VD | $115.15 | $40–500 | UW costs 13 |
| Cost of CD | $16,216 | $12,000-$21000 | 16 |
| Cost of a VD | $8,749 | $6,000–11,000 | 16 |
Abbreviations: CD, cesarean delivery; IOL, induction of labor; PPE, personal protective equipment; UW, University of Washington in-house costs; VD, vaginal delivery.