Table 1. Included studies.
| Author (year) | Study design | Pregnant versus nonpregnant | N95 FFR used | GA range (wk) | Outcomes measured | Exposure duration and intensity | Key finding(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roberge 13 (2014) a | Prospective cohort | 22/22 | 3M 9210; Moldex 2200, 2201 | 13–35 | Objective: RR, temperature (chest, aural), HR, TcpCO2, SpO2, FHR Subjective: FSPC, BRPE |
1-hour 20-minute standing 20-minute bicycle (60 cycles/min at 50 Watts resistance) 20-minute sitting upright |
No differences in RR, HR, SpO2, TcpCO2, temperature, FHR, exertion or thermal discomfort between pregnant and nonpregnant cohorts |
| Kim 15 (2015) a | Prospective cohort | 16/16 | 3M 9210; Moldex 2200, 2201 | 13–35 | Objective: HR, BP, MAP, TPR, SV, CO, SpO2, TcpCO2, FHR Subjective: BRPE |
1-hour 20-minute standing 20-minute bicycle (60 cycles/min at 50 Watts resistance) 20-minute sitting upright |
No difference in HR, TPR, SV, CO, SpO2, TcpCO2, FHR between pregnant and nonpregnant women Increase in diastolic BP and MAP, and exertion in all subjects with N95 use |
| Tong 16 (2015) | Crossover | 20 (all pregnant) | 3M N95 material covering outlet of Hans Rudolph mask | 27–32 | Objective: VO2/CO2, HR, RR, TV, VE, FeO2/CO2, FietO2, FietCO, FHR Subjective: BRPE |
50 minutes 10-minute rest 15-minute treadmill (3 MET) 25-minute rest |
No difference in HR, RR, oxygen saturation, lactate level, exertion, or FHR in pregnant women with and without mask Decrease in TV, VE, expired O 2 with mask Increased expired CO 2 with mask |
| Roberge 14 (2015) a | Prospective cohort | 15/15 | 3M 9210; Moldex 2200, 2201 | 13–35 | Objective: 13 cephalofacial anthropometric measurements in pregnant women matched to nonpregnant women with same height | Facial measurements quantitative fit testing | Pregnant workers who follow Institute of Medicine weight gain recommendations are unlikely to have an increase in cephalofacial dimensions that would mandate additional fit testing |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; BRPE, Borg's rating of perceived exertion; CO, cardiac output; FeCO 2 , forced expired CO 2 ; FeO 2 , forced expired O 2 ; FFR, filtering facepiece respirator; FHR, fetal heart rate; FietO 2 /CO 2 , forced inspired end-tidal O 2 /CO 2 ; FSPC, Frank's scale of perceived (thermal) comfort; GA, gestational age; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MET, metabolic equivalent; RR, respiratory rate; SpO 2 , pulse-derived oxygen saturation; SV, stroke volume; TcpCO 2 , transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide; Temp, temperature; TPR, total peripheral resistance; TV, tidal volume; VCO 2 , volume of carbon dioxide; VE, minute ventilation; VO 2 , volume of oxygen.
Studies included the same cohort of women.