Table 1.
Patient characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristics | SALS applied (N = 2351) | Not applied (N = 1973) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, male (%) | 1593 (67.8%) | 1197 (60.7%) | <0.001 |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 53.0 (38.0–62.0) | 56.0 (41.0–64.0) | <0.001 |
| 1st quartile: <59 years | 671 (28.5%) | 474 (24.0%) | |
| 2nd quartile: 59–72 years | 612 (26.0%) | 449 (22.8%) | |
| 3rd quartile: 73–81 years | 626 (26.6%) | 517 (26.2%) | |
| 4th quartile: >81 years | 442 (18.8%) | 533 (27.0%) | |
| Presumed etiology, cardiac (%) | 404 (17.2%) | 67 (3.4%) | <0.001 |
| Public location (%) | 354 (15.1%) | 296 (15.0%) | 0.994 |
| Witnessed cardiac arrest (%) | 1131 (48.1%) | 900 (45.6%) | 0.109 |
| Bystander CPR (%) | 1595 (67.8%) | 1184 (60.0%) | <0.001 |
| Shockable initial rhythm (%) | 464 (19.7%) | 273 (13.8%) | <0.001 |
| Response time, minutes, median (IQR) | 7 (6–9) | 7 (6–10) | 0.195 |
| 1st quartile: <7 minutes | 868 (36.9%) | 762 (38.6%) | |
| 2nd quartile: 7 minutes | 399 (17.0%) | 243 (12.3%) | |
| 3rd quartile: 8–10 minutes | 681 (29.0%) | 544 (27.6%) | |
| 4th quartile: >10 minutes | 403 (17.1%) | 424 (21.5%) | |
| Epinephrine (%) | 1644 (69.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001 |
| Advanced airway (%) | 2254 (95.9%) | 1060 (53.7%) | <0.001 |
| EMS time, minutes, median (IQR) | 28 (22–35) | 14 (10–20) | <0.001 |
| 1st quartile: <19 minutes | 143 (6.1%) | 988 (50.1%) | |
| 2nd quartile: 19–26 minutes | 498 (21.2%) | 641 (32.5%) | |
| 3rd quartile: 27–35 minutes | 834 (35.5%) | 237 (12.0%) | |
| 4th quartile: >35 minutes | 876 (37.3%) | 107 (5.4%) | |
| Prehospital ROSC (%) | 324 (13.8%) | 83 (4.2%) | <0.001 |
| Early ROSC (≤8 minutes) | 97 (4.1%) | 116 (5.9%) | 0.010 |
| Neurologic recovery (6-month CPC score 1 or 2) | 148 (6.3%) | 52 (2.6%) | <0.001 |
SALS, smart ALS (protocol); IQR, interquartile range; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; EMS, emergency medical service; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; CPC, cerebral performance category.