Table 2.
Outcome mean differences in change from baseline.
| Variable | Baseline | Endpoint | Between-group difference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| taVNS group | Sham-taVNS group | taVNS group | Sham-taVNS group | Mean∗ (95% CI) | P | |
| n | 10 | 11 | 10 | 11 | ||
| FMA-U | 17.50 ± 4.91 | 16.82 ± 3.89 | 24.40 ± 4.62 | 20.00 ± 3.58 | 0.024 | |
| FMA-U mean change from baseline (95% CI) | 6.90 ± 1.85 (5.57 to 8.23) | 3.18 ± 1.17 (2.40 to 3.97) | -3.72 (-5.12 to -2.32) | ≤0.001 | ||
| WMFT | 20.60 ± 4.62 | 20.45 ± 3.93 | 27.10 ± 3.81 | 23.36 ± 3.78 | 0.036 | |
| WMFT mean change from baseline (95% CI) | 6.50 ± 2.37 (4.81 to 8.20) | 2.91 ± 1.14 (2.15 to 3.67) | -3.59 (-5.27 to -1.92) | ≤0.001 | ||
| FIM | 91.80 ± 6.03 | 88.82 ± 6.13 | 102.3 ± 5.77 | 95.45 ± 5.72 | 0.013 | |
| FIM mean change from baseline (95% CI) | 10.50 ± 4.93 (6.98 to 14.02) | 6.64 ± 2.58 (4.90 to 8.37) | -3.86 (-7.41 to -0.32) | 0.034 | ||
| Brunnstrom | 2.50 ± 1.08 | 2.64 ± 0.81 | 3.20 ± 0.92 | 3.27 ± 0.90 | 0.857 | |
| Brunnstrom mean change from baseline (95% CI) | 0.70 ± 0.67 (0.22 to 1.18) | 0.64 ± 0.67 (0.18 to 1.09) | -0.06 (-0.68 to 0.55) | 0.831 | ||
∗Mean difference between groups in change from baseline scores. Data expressed as mean ± SD. FMA-U: upper limb Fugl-Meyer assessment; WMFT: Wolf motor function test; FIM: Functional Independence Measurement.