Table 2.
NMR-assessed advanced lipoprotein profile in control and T1DM groups
| NMR variable | Controls | T1DM | p | p* | p† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 347) | (n = 508) | ||||
| VLDL-P number (nmol/L) | |||||
| Total | 36.5 (25.5–53.3) | 29.1 (22.8–37.7) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Large | 0.93 (0.71–1.24) | 0.82 (0.63–1.04) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Medium | 3.92 (2.62–5.50) | 2.80 (1.88–4.28) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Small | 31.4 (22.1–47.0) | 25.4 (20.1–32.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Ratio large/total | 0.025 (0.023–0.027) | 0.027 (0.025–0.030) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| VLDL-P composition (mg/dL) | |||||
| VLDL-C | 9.94 (5.44–16.11) | 7.78 (4.42–11.80) | 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| VLDL-TG | 52.8 (36.5–75.3) | 41.0 (32.2–53.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Ratio VLDL-C/VLDL-TG | 0.17 (0.13–0.21) | 0.19 (0.13–0.23) | 0.003 | 0.056 | 0.075 |
| VLDL-P size (nm) | 42.1 (42.0–42.3) | 42.1 (41.9–42.3) | 0.348 | 0.502 | 0.469 |
| LDL-P number (nmol/L) | |||||
| Total | 1356.2 (1159.3–1567.7) | 1244.6 (1127.7–1382.6) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Large | 191.9 (167.6–217.6) | 175.7 (159.9–195.2) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Medium | 437.6 (344.6–531.3) | 373.4 (315.5–461.0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Small | 708.6 (623.5–827.3) | 684.1 (622.0–751.7) | 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Ratio small/total | 0.53 (0.49–0.58) | 0.55 (0.51–0.59) | < 0.001 | 0.094 | 0.098 |
| LDL-P composition (mg/dL) | |||||
| LDL-C | 132.9 (113.5–154.2) | 122.4 (110.1–137.0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| LDL-TG | 16.6 (13.4–20.4) | 14.6 (12.5–17.6) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Ratio LDL-C/LDL-TG | 8.20 (7.25–9.13) | 8.25 (7.35–9.60) | 0.042 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| LDL-P size (nm) | 21.0 ± 0.27 | 21.0 ± 0.27 | 0.35 | 0.163 | 0.142 |
| HDL-P number (μmol/L) | |||||
| Total | 29.0 (26.0–33.2) | 31.8 (29.2–36.0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Large | 0.26 (0.23–0.30) | 0.27 (0.25–0.31) | 0.002 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Medium | 9.12 (7.90–10.60) | 10.47 (9.19–12.11) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Small | 19.9 (17.4–22.8) | 20.9 (18.5–23.8) | 0.001 | 0.009 | 0.005 |
| Ratio small/total | 0.67 (0.64–0.71) | 0.66 (0.63–0.69) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| HDL-P composition (mg/dL) | |||||
| HDL-C | 56.2 (49.2–65.5) | 63.0 (54.9–73.3) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| HDL-TG | 12.7 (10.3–15.7) | 14.7 (12.2–17.7) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Ratio HDL-C/HDL-TG | 4.49 (3.61–5.52) | 4.32 (3.58–5.31) | 0.101 | 0.315 | 0.215 |
| HDL-P size (nm) | 8.21 ± 0.06 | 8.25 ± 0.07 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Other atherogenic variables | |||||
| Non-HDL-P (nmol/L) | 1377.2 (1170.7–1578.5) | 1239.8 (1128.6–1382.4) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Ratio LDL-P/HDL-P | 46.1 (37.2–56.7) | 39.4 (33.3–45.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Ratio total-P/HDL-P | 47.7 (38.3–58.4) | 40.4 (34.0–46.7) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Data are shown as median (Q1–Q3) or mean ± standard deviation
*p-value adjusted for age, sex, and lipid-lowering medications
†p-value adjusted for age, sex, lipid-lowering medications, BMI and leukocyte count
HDL high-density lipoprotein, HDL-C cholesterol content in HDL, HDL-P HDL particles, HDL-TG triglyceride content in HDL, LDL low-density lipoprotein, LDL-C cholesterol content in LDL, LDL-P LDL particles, LDL-TG triglyceride content in LDL, NMR nuclear magnetic resonance, T1DM type 1 diabetes mellitus, VLDL very low-density lipoprotein, VLDL-C cholesterol content in VLDL, VLDL-P VLDL particles, VLDL-TG triglyceride content in VLDL