TABLE 2.
Prevalence of I/ADL difficulty and help among those living alone with dementia or CIND by race and ethnicity and byMedicaid usage
| Panel A: all women |
White (n = 3,786) |
Black (n = 1,603) |
Hispanic (n = 763) |
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| Any difficulty (%) | Any difficulty without help (%) | Any difficulty with help (%) | Any difficulty (%) | Any difficulty without help (%) | Any difficulty with help (%) | Any difficulty (%) | Any difficulty without help (%) | Any difficulty with help (%) | |
| 6 ADLs | 35.9 | 27.5 | 16.0 | 40.3 | 33.5 | 17.3 | 44.4 | 32.0 | 24.4 |
| 5 lADLs | 37.1 | 12.9 | 31.6 | 36.2 | 13.2 | 28.9 | 41.4 | 11.8 | 35.9 |
| 11 l/ADLs | 48.4 | 33.2 | 34.2 | 50.1 | 38.8 | 32.5 | 53.7 | 36.4 | 39.4 |
| Panel B: women covered by Medicaid |
White (n = 521) |
Black (n = 526) |
Hispanic (n = 405) |
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| Any difficulty (%) | Any difficulty without help (%) | Any difficulty with help (%) | Any difficulty (%) | Any difficulty without help (%) | Any difficulty with help (%) | Any difficulty (%) | Any difficulty without help (%) | Any difficulty with help (%) | |
| 6 ADLs | 47.7 | 34.8 | 24.5 | 53.1 | 39.8 | 29.4 | 53.5 | 37.2 | 32.0 |
| 5 lADLs | 48.8 | 15.6 | 41.0 | 46.7 | 16.5 | 39.4 | 48.9 | 13.9 | 42.1 |
| 11 l/ADLs | 60.9 | 39.7 | 45.7 | 62.4 | 46.3 | 45.6 | 63.5 | 43.6 | 46.0 |
| Panel C: Allmen |
White (n = 1,621) |
Black (n = 856) |
Hispanic (n = 249) |
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| Any difficulty (%) | Any difficulty without help (%) | Any difficulty with help (%) | Any difficulty (%) | Any difficulty without help (%) | Any difficulty with help (%) | Any difficulty (%) | Any difficulty without help (%) | Any difficulty with help (%) | |
| 6 ADLs | 29.8 | 25.4 | 9.6 | 27.2 | 24.7 | 7.6 | 30.1 | 25.8 | 9.0 |
| 5 lADLs | 28.5 | 11.9 | 22.1 | 25.5 | 10.7 | 17.3 | 27.8 | 16.4 | 15.2 |
| 11 l/ADLs | 41.4 | 31.3 | 24.2 | 37.8 | 30.7 | 18.7 | 39.4 | 30.5 | 18.7 |
| Panel D: Men covered by Medicaid |
White (n = 212) |
Black (n = 225) |
Hispanic (n = 97) |
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| Any difficulty (%) | Any difficulty without help (%) | Any difficulty with help (%) | Any difficulty (%) | Any difficulty without help (%) | Any difficulty with help (%) | Any difficulty (%) | Any difficulty without help (%) | Any difficulty with help (%) | |
| 6 ADLs | 37.8 | 33.1 | 14.4 | 33.5 | 30.0 | 10.6 | 32.7 | 29.5 | 9.0 |
| 5 lADLs | 38.3 | 19.0 | 32.5 | 34.0 | 13.9 | 21.9 | 32.7 | 18.0 | 21.0 |
| 11 l/ADLs | 51.8 | 43.1 | 33.2 | 48.6 | 39.1 | 23.8 | 46.4 | 36.1 | 26.6 |
Notes: Statistics are reported as percentages for all variables. Underlying data are pooled observations of respondents living alone with probable dementia or CIND observed in the 2000 to 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Medicaid coverage is defined as self-reported current coverage.Difficultywith orwithout help is expressed here as a percentage of all individuals, bothwith and without any difficulty. All statistics are estimated using wave-specific sample weights.
Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living; CIND, cognitive impairment, no dementia; I/ADL, instrumental activities of daily living