Table 3.

Areas of endemicity for Paracoccidioides species

Region/Species	Basis of endemicity
P. brasiliensis
South America
Brazil
Sao Paulo [253, 254, 257, 324–326]  Espírito Santo [233, 253]  Rio de Janeiro [253, 327, 328]  Minas Gerais [252–254, 257, 329]  Rondônia [232, 257]  Mato Grosso [257]  Bahia [253, 257]  Mato Grosso do Sul [257, 330]  Paraná [257, 331, 332]  Rio Grande do Sul [333, 334] Argentina  Corrientes [240]  Formosa [335] Venezuela:  San Felix city, Bolivar [336]	Multiple reports ranging from 1–1219 cases during 1960–2012 Two studies reporting 83–444 cases during 1978–2012 Multiple reports during 1978–2012 ranging from 3–36 cases Multiple reports during 1978–2009 ranging from 50–252 cases Two reports during 1988–2012, 3 and 2163 cases Two reported cases (1988–1996); confirmation based on serology or histopathology Two reports during 1978–2012 of 1 and 30 cases One human case and 280 cases in cattle. Multiple reports ranging from 1–102 human cases Two reports of 61-123 human cases during 1966-2009 Endemicity based on positive skin tests in 52/455 humans in one study One case series of 22 human cases Endemicity based on positive skin test in 28/275 humans
North America
Mexico  Gulf of Mexico [258]  Pacific littoral [258]	51 human cases reported during 1972–2012 18 human cases reported during 1972–2012
P. lutzii
South America Brazil, Para [255]	Two human cases; confirmation based on phylogenetic analysis
Unspecified Paracoccidioides species
South America
Brazil
Amazonas [337]  Para (284)  Acre [337]  Rondonia [337]  Federal Territory of Roraima [337]  Maranhao [338]  Rio de Janeiro [249]  Minas Gerais [241]  Bolivia [231]	NA NA NA NA NA Twenty-nine reported human cases during 2004–2010 Outbreak with report of eight human cases 2015–2016 One human case report, confirmed on histopathology One human case report; article is in Japanese, and information regarding diagnosis is not available.

NA information not available