Extended Data Figure 6. Depletion of microbiome blocks substrate contribution, but not signaling component, of de novo lipogenesis following fructose consumption.

a, Experimental set-up for antibiotic depletion of the microbiome followed by ¹³C-fructose tracing into DNL. b, Representative images of cecums from a saline and antibiotic treated mouse. c, Relative abundance of bacterial abundance in cecal contents from mice treated with saline (n = 9) or antibiotics (n = 9) as determined by 16s RT-qPCR to a reference standard of E. coli DNA. P value determined using Welch’s t test. d, Heat map of microbial metabolite abundance in the portal blood, collected 1 hour after gavage. e, Relative abundance of portal blood ¹³C-fructose in WT – saline (n = 7) vs. WT – Antibiotics (n = 7) and LAKO – saline (n = 4) vs. LAKO – antibiotics (n = 4) following gavage and f, % total labeled carbons in portal blood glucose, p values determined using Welch’s t test. g, mRNA expression of ChREBPβ, Acss2, and Fasn in liver collected 1 hour after gavage (n = 4/group), p values determined using two-sided t tests with Holm-Sidak method for multiple comparisons. For c, e-g, bars represent mean.