Table 1.
Patient demographics and medical history
| Total (N = 156) |
No treatment (n = 89) |
Hydroxychloroquine (n = 20) | Lopinavir/ritonavir (n = 47) |
p-valuec HCQ vs. LPV/RTV |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agea (years) |
72 (55.25–81) |
77 (60–85) |
62.5 (46.5–78) |
65 (49–72) |
0.716 |
| Sex (female) | 64 (41%) | 43 (48.3%) | 6 (30%) | 15 (31.9%) | 0.877 |
| BMI [107]a,b |
25.9 (23.8–30.1) |
25.2 (22.9–28.1) |
28.4 (25.5–32.6) |
27.2 (23.7–31.17) |
0.202 |
| Medical history | |||||
| Hypertension | 77 (49.4%) | 44 (49.4%) | 14 (70%) | 19 (40.4%) | 0.034 |
| Smoker/former smoker [129]b | 44 (34.1%) | 22 (31.9%) | 5 (27.8%) | 17 (40.5%) | 0.396 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 33 (21.2%) | 23 (25.8%) | 2 (10%) | 8 (17%) | 0.711 |
| Diabetes | 30 (19.2%) | 18 (20.2%) | 3 (15%) | 9 (19%) | 1.0 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 28 (17.9%) | 20 (22.5%) | 3 (15%) | 5 (10.6%) | 0.687 |
| Coronary heart disease | 25 (16%) | 17 (19.1%) | 5 (25%) | 3 (6.4%) | 0.046 |
| Obstructive pulmonary disease | 23 (14.7%) | 13 (14.6%) | 4 (20%) | 6 (12.8%) | 0.470 |
| Congestive heart failure | 19 (12.2%) | 16 (18%) | 0 | 3 (6.4%) | 0.549 |
| Any malignancy | 18 (11.5%) | 16 (18%) | 0 | 2 (4.3%) | 1.0 |
| Dementia | 16 (10.3%) | 13 (14.6%) | 0 | 3 (6.4%) | 0.549 |
| Rheumatic disease | 6 (3.8%) | 2 (2.2%) | 1 (5%) | 3 (6.4%) | 1.0 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 11 (7.1%) | 10 (11.2%) | 1 (5%) | 0 | 0.299 |
| Hypothyroidism | 13 (8.3%) | 6 (6.7%) | 3 (15%) | 4 (8.5%) | 0.418 |
aMedian and interquartile range are shown
bData were not available for all patients, the number of patients is given in square brackets
BMI body mass index, HCQ hydroxychloroquine, LPV/RTV lopinavir/ritonavir