. 2020 Aug 10;34(12):3218–3224. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.08.007

Table 1.

Improved Outcome Measures Demonstrated in Published Results From Cardiac-Enhanced Recovery Programs.

Improved Outcome Measure	Fleming¹¹	Grant¹²	Li¹³	Williams¹⁴	Zaouter¹⁵
Reduced hospital LOS	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Reduced ICU LOS	N/R	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Less complications	Yes	N/R	Yes	N/R	No
Earlier extubation	N/R	Yes	Yes	No	No
Improved analgesia	Yes	N/R	N/R	N/R	Yes
Improved GI function	N/R	N/R	Yes	Yes	Yes
Decreased cost	N/R	N/R	Yes	N/R	N/R
Reduced opioid use	Yes	N/R	N/R	Yes	No
Reduced duration of vasoactive support	N/R	N/R	Yes	N/R	N/R

NOTE. This table represents a general summary. Listed outcome categories were not defined identically in each referenced publication.

Abbreviations: GI, gastrointestinal; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; N/R, not reported.