Fig. 1. TMPRSS2 promoted PCa cell invasion.

TMPRSS2 was overexpressed in (a) LNCaP cells, (b) PC3 cells, and (c) DU145 cells. Left panels: Immunoblot analysis of TMPRSS2 expression in vector and TMPRSS2-overexpressing PCa cells. Middle panels: Analysis of the cell proliferation of control (PLKO) and TMPRSS2-overexpressing PCa cells using trypan blue exclusion assays and hemocytometer counting. Three independent experiments were performed for statistical calculation. Right panels: Effect of TMPRSS2 overexpression on the invasion of PCa cells. For analyzing the invasive ability of stable TMPRSS2-overexpressing PCa cells, cells were seeded at a density of 4 × 10⁵ (LNCaP) or 5 × 10⁴ (PC3 and DU145) per Boyden chamber with Matrigel-coating and cultured for 42 h (LNCaP) or 16 h (PC3 and DU145). Cells were fixed and stained with crystal violet. Invaded cells were imaged under a light microscope. The results were a representative of three independent experiments. The cell invasion results were statistically calculated and represented as mean ± SEM from three independent experiments.