Figure 1:

Molecular pathways and host receptors that link gut microbiota-derived products and metabolites with cardiovascular and cardiometabolic disease phenotypes. ADRA, adrenergic receptor alpha; ADRB, adrenergic receptor beta; GPR, G-protein–coupled receptor; FXR, farnesol X receptor; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LXR, liver X receptor; Olfr, olfactory receptor; PAG, phenylacetylglutamine; PERK, protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SCFA, short chain fatty acid; TGR, takeda G protein-coupled receptor; TLR, toll-like receptor; TMA, trimethylamine; TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide; and TAAR, trace amine-associated receptor.