Table 3.
Impact of four rounds of mass treatment on malaria RDT-based parasite prevalence among children aged 3–70 months, as measured by household surveys during peak malaria transmission season (April–May) 2014–2016
| Baseline (April–May 2014) | Impact of mass treatment rounds 1–2 (April–May 2015) | Impact of mass treatment rounds 3–4 (April–May 2016) | Impact of all four mass treatment rounds (April–May 2015 and 2016 pooled) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure group | RDT+/n | Malaria infection prevalence, % (95% CI)† | RDT+/n | Malaria infection prevalence, % (95% CI) | Crude odds ratio vs. control at follow-up (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio at follow-up (95% CI)† | RDT+/n | Malaria infection prevalence, % (95% CI) | Crude odds ratio vs. control at follow-up (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio at follow-up (95% CI)† | RDT+/n | Malaria infection prevalence, % (95% CI) | Crude odds ratio vs. control at follow-up (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio at follow-up (95% CI)† | |
| Lower transmission strata | MDA | 42/545 | 7.71 (2.13–12.28) | 2/372 | 0.54 (0.00–1.74) | 0.19 (0.03–1.28)** | 0.13 (0.02–0.92)* | 3/392 | 0.77 (0.00–1.75) | 0.58 (0.12–2.85) | 0.53 (0.08–3.36) | 5/764 | 0.65 (0.00–1.35 | 0.35 (0.11–1.12)** | 0.28 (0.09–0.88)* |
| fMDA | 39/441 | 8.84 (1.88–15.80) | 4/334 | 1.20 (0.00–2.79) | 0.49 (0.11–2.29) | 0.57 (0.13–2.50) | 13/420 | 3.10 (0.60–5.59) | 2.28 (0.66–7.90) | 2.60 (0.57–11.83) | 17/754 | 2.25 (0.61–3.89) | 1.21 (0.48–3.02) | 1.36 (0.57–3.30) | |
| Control | 42/453 | 9.27 (3.11–15.44) | 9/361 | 2.49 (0.21–4.78) | Reference | Reference | 5/365 | 1.37 (0.00–3.00) | Reference | Reference | 14/726 | 1.93 (0.47–3.39 | Reference | Reference | |
| Higher transmission strata | MDA | 248/490 | 50.61 (35.40–63.38) | 56/366 | 15.30 (4.68–25.92) | 0.93 (0.26–3.35) | 0.86 (0.25–3.04) | 28/348 | 6.39 (2.18–10.60) | 1.59 (0.44–5.77) | 1.31 (0.49–3.49) | 84/804 | 10.45 (4.42–16.47) | 1.14 (0.38–3.43) | 0.91 (0.40–2.12) |
| fMDA | 270/521 | 51.82 (36.02–67.63) | 47/304 | 15.46 (5.08–25.84) | 1.07 (0.30–3.86) | 1.28 (0.36–4.60) | 27/394 | 6.85 (0.00–14.36) | 1.39 (0.38–5.11) | 1.13 (0.40–3.19) | 74/698 | 10.61 (3.41–17.79) | 1.16 (0.38–3.52) | 0.92 (0.40–2.12) | |
| Control | 283/505 | 56.04 (38.60–73.48) | 55/332 | 16.57 (7.87–25.26) | Reference | Reference | 22/438 | 5.03 (0.00–10.41) | Reference | Reference | 77/770 | 10.00 (3.80–16.20) | Reference | Reference | |
fMDA = focal MDA; MDA = mass drug administration; RDT = rapid diagnostic test.
†
No statistically significant differences among MDA, fMDA, or control group prevalence at baseline.3
*
P < 0.05.
**
P < 0.10.