Table 4.
Cumulative Plasmodium falciparum infection incidence by PCR among individuals older than 3 months in cohort households followed monthly from January 2015–May 2016, by rainy and dry seasons
| Exposure group | Person-months | PCR positives | Cumulative incidence rate per 1,000 person-months (95 % CI) | Unadjusted incidence rate ratio vs. control (95% CI) | Adjusted incidence rate ratio vs. control (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower transmission strata | Rainy season 1 after mass treatment rounds 1–2 (January–May 2015) | |||||
| MDA | 1,641 | 7 | 4.3 (1.7–8.8) | 0.21 (0.03–1.34) | 0.26 (0.04–1.90) | |
| fMDA | 1,596 | 13 | 8.1 (4.3–13.9) | 0.93 (0.19–4.53) | 1.59 (0.34–7.55) | |
| Control | 1,379 | 13 | 9.4 (5.0–16.1) | Reference | Reference | |
| Dry season after rounds 1–2 (June–November 2015) | ||||||
| MDA | 1,682 | 7 | 4.2 (1.7–8.6) | 0.49 (0.07–3.43) | 0.75 (0.11–5.31) | |
| fMDA | 1,790 | 4 | 2.2 (0.6–5.7) | 0.58 (0.09–3.87) | 1.01 (0.15–6.62) | |
| Control | 1,545 | 6 | 3.9 (1.4–8.5) | Reference | Reference | |
| Rainy season 2 after mass treatment rounds 3–4 (December 2015–May 2016) | ||||||
| MDA | 1,744 | 4 | 2.3 (0.6–5.9) | 0.26 (0.03–2.00) | 0.32 (0.04–2.62) | |
| fMDA | 1,739 | 3 | 1.7 (0.4–5.0) | 0.47 (0.07–3.35) | 0.70 (0.10–5.02) | |
| Control | 1,513 | 7 | 4.6 (1.9–9.5) | Reference | Reference | |
| Higher transmission strata | Rainy season 1 after mass treatment rounds 1–2 (January–May 2015) | |||||
| MDA | 1, 499 | 51 | 34.0 (25.3–44.7) | 0.44 (0.15–1.35) | 0.38 (0.14–1.02)* | |
| fMDA | 1,430 | 73 | 51.0 (40.0–64.2) | 0.76 (0.26–2.25) | 0.57 (0.21–1.56) | |
| Control | 1,440 | 104 | 72.2 (59.0–87.5) | Reference | Reference | |
| Dry season after rounds 1–2 (June–November 2015) | ||||||
| MDA | 1,596 | 75 | 47.0 (37.0–58.9) | 1.09 (0.36–3.30) | 1.40 (0.51–3.83) | |
| fMDA | 1,518 | 64 | 42.2 (32.5–53.8) | 1.26 (0.42–3.76) | 1.52 (0.55–4.24) | |
| Control | 1,560 | 72 | 46.2 (36.1–58.1) | Reference | Reference | |
| Rainy season 2 after mass treatment rounds 3–4 (December 2015–May 2016) | ||||||
| MDA | 1,573 | 18 | 11.4 (6.8–18.1) | 0.45 (0.14–1.50) | 0.61 (0.19–1.93) | |
| fMDA | 1,418 | 36 | 25.4 (17.8–35.1) | 1.21 (0.38–3.78) | 0.86 (0.27–2.77) | |
| Control | 1,426 | 36 | 25.2 (17.7–35.0) | Reference | Reference | |
fMDA = focal MDA; MDA = mass drug administration. All standard errors of treatment effects are adjusted to account for the CRCT study design using a random effect at the cluster level in a negative binomial model. Adjusted model additionally included first month incidence, age, gender, household SES, vector control, rainfall, EVI, and elevation.
*
P < 0.10.