Table 5.

Mean monthly confirmed malaria case incidence from the routine health information system

Exposure group	Monthly confirmed malaria case incidence rate per 1,000 catchment population				Adjusted difference-in-differences incidence rate ratio (95% CI)
	Pre-intervention period (January–May 2013 and 2014)	Post-intervention period (January–May 2015) after rounds 1–2	Post-intervention period (January–May 2016) after rounds 3–4	Post-intervention period (January–May 2015 and 2016 pooled) after all four rounds	Pre-intervention vs. post-intervention 2015 after rounds 1–2	Pre-intervention vs. post-intervention 2016 after rounds 3–4	Pre-intervention vs. post-intervention 2015–2016 after all four rounds
Lower transmission strata
MDA	17.79	3.89	2.99	3.43	0.59 (0.44–0.78)*	0.71 (0.49–1.04)	0.63 (0.49–0.80)*
fMDA	19.25	7.97	4.22	6.06	0.90 (0.70–1.15)	1.08 (0.77–1.52)	0.96 (0.77–1.19)
Control	24.33	8.32	5.27	6.80	Reference	Reference	Reference
Higher transmission strata
MDA	59.20	15.24	7.24	11.18	0.92 (0.73–1.15)	1.03 (0.72–1.47)	0.94 (0.76–1.16)
fMDA	44.17	26.69	12.74	19.62	1.00 (0.80–1.25)	1.20 (0.84–1.70)	1.03 (0.84–1.27)
Control	78.90	47.35	8.25	27.50	Reference	Reference	Reference

fMDA = focal MDA; MDA = mass drug administration. Negative binomial model with random effect included at the health facility catchment area level, controlling for monthly total rainfall, EVI, and previous month’s case counts.

^*P < 0.05.