Table 3.

Multinomial logistic regression model of AAC group (n = 2535)

Variables	Mild–moderate AAC versus no AAC		Severe AAC versus no AAC
	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Dietary zinc (mg/day)	0.97 (0.94–1.00)	0.05	0.92 (0.86–0.98)	0.01
Age group (versus 40–49 years)
50–59 years	1.42 (0.74–2.70)	0.29	4.39 (1.35–14.26)	0.01
60–69 years	1.45 (0.74–2.83)	0.28	6.98 (3.45–14.15)	<0.001
>69 years	4.41 (2.19–8.89)	<0.001	50.59 (21.14–121.05)a	<0.001
Female (versus male)	1.00 (0.71–1.42)	0.98	0.93 (0.61–1.43)	0.74
Race/ethnicity (versus non-Hispanic White)
Non-Hispanic Black	0.85 (0.51–1.43)	0.54	0.38 (0.21–0.70)	0.002
Hispanic	0.80 (0.54–1.17)	0.24	0.76 (0.34–1.71)	0.51
Multiracial/other	1.22 (0.71–2.09)	0.47	3.09 (1.00–9.53)	0.05
Caloric intake (kcal/day)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.22	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.06
Diabetes (yes versus no)	1.64 (1.24–2.17)	<0.001	2.33 (1.32–4.08)	0.003
Hypertension (yes versus no)	1.28 (0.98–1.68)	0.07	2.13 (1.20–3.76)	0.009
Smoker (yes versus no)	1.47 (0.97–2.22)	0.07	2.34 (1.41–3.89)	0.001
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)	1.00 (0.99–1.01)	0.70	0.98 (0.97–0.99)	<0.001
Albuminuria (yes versus no)	0.84 (0.53–1.34)	0.47	0.81 (0.38–1.74)	0.59
Albumin (g/dL)	1.48 (0.82–2.68)	0.19	1.07 (0.51–2.26)	0.85
Serum phosphorus (mg/dL)	0.86 (0.68–1.08)	0.20	1.57 (0.87–2.83)	0.13
Proton pump inhibitor (yes versus no)	1.37 (0.93–2.03)	0.11	1.44 (0.71–2.95)	0.31
Diuretic use (yes versus no)	1.42 (0.86–2.35)	0.17	1.46 (0.79–2.69)	0.23

The unit for continuous variables and the reference group for categorical variables are provided next to the variables. The OR of having mild–moderate or severe AAC was per unit increase of continuous variables and compared with the reference group for categorical variables.

^aWide CI is due to the small sample size for this comparison.