Table 3.
Characteristics of the study population according to number of mental health concerns at 12 months of follow up.
| Number of mental health concerns at 12 months | P-Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
| n = 752 | n = 133 | n = 42 | n = 30 | ||
| Demographics | |||||
| Age | 68.2 ± 8.8 | 67.0 ± 10.3 | 63.9 ± 10.0 | 59.9 ± 8.0 | < 0.001 |
| Male Gender | 486 (64.6%) | 80 (60.2%) | 23 (54.8%) | 18 (60.0%) | 0.16 |
| Race: White/Caucasian | 639 (85.0%) | 103 (77.4%) | 30 (71.4%) | 20 (66.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Country | 0.50 | ||||
| (1) USA | 448 (59.6%) | 80 (60.2%) | 29 (69.0%) | 26 (86.7%) | |
| (2) Netherlands | 262 (34.8%) | 27 (20.3%) | 7 (16.7%) | 2 (6.7%) | |
| (3) Australia | 42 (5.6%) | 26 (19.5%) | 6 (14.3%) | 2 (6.7%) | |
| Smoke status | < 0.001 | ||||
| (1) Never | 79 (10.5%) | 14 (10.5%) | 3 (7.1%) | 1 (3.3%) | |
| (2) Former | 425 (56.6%) | 62 (46.6%) | 18 (42.9%) | 11 (36.7%) | |
| (3) Current | 247 (32.9%) | 57 (42.9%) | 21 (50.0%) | 18 (60.0%) | |
| Insured | 748 (99.5%) | 132 (99.2%) | 42 (100%) | 29 (96.7%) | 0.23 |
| Work for pay | 72 (38.1%) | 15 (48.4%) | 3 (33.3%) | 3 (60.0%) | 0.34 |
| Finances at end of month | < 0.001 | ||||
| (1) Some money leftover | 441 (60.4%) | 60 (46.9%) | 13 (31.7%) | 6 (20.0%) | |
| (2) Just enough to make ends meet | 236 (32.3%) | 51 (39.8%) | 22 (53.7%) | 12 (40.0%) | |
| (3) Not enough to make ends meet | 53 (7.3%) | 17 (13.3%) | 6 (14.6%) | 12 (40.0%) | |
| PAD Characteristics | |||||
| Complaint | 0.74 | ||||
| (1) New-onset | 404 (53.7%) | 68 (51.1%) | 22 (52.4%) | 16 (53.3%) | |
| (2) Exacerbation | 348 (46.3%) | 65 (48.9%) | 20 (47.6%) | 14 (46.7%) | |
| Duration of pain | 0.51 | ||||
| (1) < 1 Month | 19 (3.0%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.7%) | |
| (2) 1–6 Months | 192 (30.0%) | 37 (32.2%) | 9 (24.3%) | 7 (25.9%) | |
| (3) 7–12 Months | 110 (17.2%) | 18 (15.7%) | 10 (27.0%) | 5 (18.5%) | |
| (4) > 12 Months | 318 (49.8%) | 59 (51.3%) | 18 (48.6%) | 14 (51.9%) | |
| Symptomatic leg | 0.05 | ||||
| (1) Right leg | 193 (25.7%) | 33 (24.8%) | 5 (11.9%) | 8 (26.7%) | |
| (2) Left leg | 196 (26.1%) | 30 (22.6%) | 13 (31.0%) | 2 (6.7%) | |
| (3) Both legs | 363 (48.3%) | 70 (52.6%) | 24 (57.1%) | 20 (66.7%) | |
| Claudication | 748 (99.5%) | 133 (100.0%) | 42 (100.0%) | 30 (100.0%) | 0.36 |
| Location of highest claudication | 0.11 | ||||
| (1) Buttock | 124 (16.6%) | 20 (15.0%) | 13 (31.0%) | 6 (20.0%) | |
| (2) Hip | 71 (9.5%) | 15 (11.3%) | 1 (2.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| (3) Thigh | 99 (13.2%) | 28 (21.1%) | 7 (16.7%) | 4 (13.3%) | |
| (4) Calf | 391 (52.3%) | 62 (46.6%) | 19 (45.2%) | 20 (66.7%) | |
| (5) Foot | 10 (1.3%) | 3 (2.3%) | 2 (4.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| (6) Other | 53 (7.1%) | 5 (3.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Rutherford category | 0.039 | ||||
| (1) Mild claudication | 181 (24.4%) | 27 (20.3%) | 6 (14.3%) | 5 (16.7%) | |
| (2) Moderate claudication | 365 (49.3%) | 66 (49.6%) | 20 (47.6%) | 16 (53.3%) | |
| (3) Severe claudication | 195 (26.3%) | 40 (30.1%) | 16 (38.1%) | 9 (30.0%) | |
| Lesion Site | 0.67 | ||||
| (1) Proximal | 210 (28.1%) | 37 (28.0%) | 14 (33.3%) | 3 (10.0%) | |
| (2) Distal | 215 (28.8%) | 41 (31.1%) | 14 (33.3%) | 12 (40.0%) | |
| (3) Both | 322 (43.1%) | 54 (40.9%) | 14 (33.3%) | 15 (50.0%) | |
| ABI | 0.67 ± 0.19 | 0.64 ± 0.20 | 0.67 ± 0.18 | 0.73 ± 0.17 | 0.07 |
| Co-morbidities | |||||
| Hypertension | 603 (80.2%) | 110 (82.7%) | 34 (81.0%) | 25 (83.3%) | 0.53 |
| Dyslipidemia | 589 (78.3%) | 103 (77.4%) | 36 (85.7%) | 26 (86.7%) | 0.21 |
| Diabetes | 236 (31.4%) | 46 (34.6%) | 18 (42.9%) | 12 (40.0%) | 0.08 |
| TIA/CVA | 74 (9.8%) | 24 (18.0%) | 8 (19.0%) | 4 (13.3%) | 0.015 |
| History of CAD | 327 (43.5%) | 59 (44.4%) | 26 (61.9%) | 17 (56.7%) | 0.024 |
| Congestive heart failure | 66 (8.8%) | 18 (13.5%) | 7 (16.7%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0.39 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 75 (10.0%) | 18 (13.5%) | 6 (14.3%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0.59 |
| Chronic lung disease | 117 (15.6%) | 23 (17.3%) | 5 (11.9%) | 10 (33.3%) | 0.10 |
| Sleep apnea | 56 (7.4%) | 12 (9.0%) | 5 (11.9%) | 3 (10.0%) | 0.26 |
| Osteoarthritis (hip or knee) | 63 (8.4%) | 15 (11.3%) | 5 (11.9%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0.86 |
| Chronic back pain | 105 (14.0%) | 21 (15.8%) | 9 (21.4%) | 3 (10.0%) | 0.63 |
| History of depression | 22 (2.9%) | 7 (5.3%) | 3 (7.1%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0.044 |
| Health status | |||||
| EQ5D: Score your health today (BL) | 68.2 ± 18.4 | 65.2 ± 18.7 | 58.1 ± 15.2 | 48.8 ± 22.5 | < 0.001 |
| EQ5D: Score your health today (12 M) | 73.2 ± 16.4 | 68.5 ± 74.0 | 55.3 ± 18.7 | 53.5 ± 18.2 | < 0.001 |
| ESSI Social Support Score (BL) | 22.7 ± 3.9 | 21.0 ± 5.2 | 18.4 ± 6.8 | 19.2 ± 6.2 | < 0.001 |
| PAQ: Quality of life (BL) | 55.2 ± 24.5 | 42.5 ± 25.0 | 28.8 ± 24.0 | 25.8 ± 24.1 | < 0.001 |
| PAQ: Quality of life (12 M) | 77.5 ± 23.8 | 58.4 ± 28.9 | 41.8 ± 28.8 | 34.5 ± 28.1 | < 0.001 |
| PAQ: Summary (BL) | 53.3 ± 20.5 | 41.5 ± 21.2 | 30.3 ± 18.8 | 28.8 ± 18.8 | < 0.001 |
| PAQ: Summary (12 M) | 75.3 ± 22.3 | 58.9 ± 26.4 | 42.3 ± 25.7 | 33.3 ± 25.7 | < 0.001 |
| PAQ: Physical limitation (BL) | 42.3 ± 26.6 | 29.9 ± 22.9 | 21.7 ± 20.1 | 19.0 ± 17.0 | < 0.001 |
| PAQ: Physical limitation (12 M) | 74.0 ± 27.9 | 56.1 ± 33.3 | 39.8 ± 31.9 | 34.7 ± 33.1 | < 0.001 |
| PAQ: Symptoms (BL) | 46.8 ± 21.7 | 39.6 ± 24.3 | 28.9 ± 20.2 | 29.1 ± 24.7 | < 0.001 |
| PAQ: Symptoms (12 M) | 66.4 ± 28.5 | 52.6 ± 30.4 | 38.0 ± 25.7 | 31.2 ± 26.6 | < 0.001 |
| PAQ: Social limitation (BL) | 68.4 ± 28.1 | 52.5 ± 29.3 | 40.2 ± 29.7 | 37.5 ± 27.3 | < 0.001 |
| PAQ: Social limitation (12 M) | 87.6 ± 20.1 | 73.0 ± 27.3 | 55.1 ± 32.5 | 40.2 ± 28.8 | < 0.001 |
ABI = ankle brachial index, TIA = transient ischemic attack, CVA = cerebral vascular accident, CAD = coronary artery disease, ESSI = Enriched Social Support Index, PAQ = Peripheral Artery Questionnaire, BL = baseline, 12 M = 12 months.