Table 3.
Motor and non-motor symptoms in study groups.
| NC (n = 72) | PD-MCI (n = 82) | PDD (n = 144) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hoehn and Yahr stage | 2 (1–2) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (3–4) | <0.001 |
| CISI-PD | 7.00 (4.29) | 10.06 (3.62) | 16.36 (3.39) | <0.001 |
| Barthel Index | 97.22 (10.51) | 87.65 (17.74) | 63.23 (28.44) | <0.001 |
| SCOPA-Motor, total score | 15.96 (10.05) | 22.29 (10.96) | 36.42 (13.50) | <0.001 |
| Motor examination | 8.57 (5.26) | 12.13 (6.09) | 19.35 (7.93) | <0.001 |
| Activities of daily living | 5.31 (3.28) | 6.91 (3.51) | 11.73 (4.40) | <0.001 |
| Motor complications | 2.08 (3.13) | 3.24 (2.90) | 5.34 (3.42) | <0.001 |
| MMSE, total score | 29.06 (1.26) | 27.22 (2.31) | 16.24 (6.85) | <0.001 |
| SCOPA-Cog, total score | 30.14 (5.87) | 22.80 (5.17) | 9.69 (5.67) | <0.001 |
| Memory | 12.86 (4.29) | 8.68 (3.41) | 3.88 (2.60) | <0.001 |
| Attention | 3.83 (0.47) | 3.41 (1.03) | 1.23 (1.45) | <0.001 |
| Executive functions | 9.42 (1.79) | 7.48 (1.93) | 3.27 (2.18) | <0.001 |
| Visuospatial functions | 4.03 (0.85) | 3.23 (1.03) | 1.32 (1.36) | <0.001 |
| FAB, total score | 15.56 (2.59) | 13.09 (2.83) | 6.63 (3.99) | <0.001 |
| SCOPA-PC, total score | 4.11 (3.36) | 3.27 (3.63) | 5.84 (5.25) | <0.001 |
| Hallucinations, % | 5.60 | 8.50 | 34.00 | <0.001 |
| HADS, Anxiety | 6.42 (4.19) | 8.51 (3.85) | 9.77 (4.46) | <0.001 |
| Patients with anxiety, % | 20.80 | 29.30 | 43.80 | 0.002 |
| HADS, Depression | 6.08 (4.18) | 7.63 (3.82) | 10.36 (4.22) | <0.001 |
| Patients with depression, % | 16.70 | 15.90 | 55.60 | <0.001 |
| PDQ-8 | 19.05 (16.74) | 28.42 (22.44) | 48.98 (22.22) | <0.001 |
| SCOPA-PS, total score | 7.28 (5.45) | 10.39 (6.40) | 16.27 (7.03) | <0.001 |
Continuous variables are expressed as means (standard deviations). Hoehn and Yahr stage is expressed as median (interquartile range). Categorical variables are expressed as percentages. Differences were calculated with Kruskal-Wallis test in continuous variables and Chi-square test in categorical variables. NC, normal cognition; PD-MCI, Parkinson's disease-Mild cognitive impairment; PDD, Parkinson's disease dementia; CISI-PD, Clinical Impression of severity Index for Parkinson's Disease; SCOPA-Motor, Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Motor; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; SCOPA-Cog, SCOPA-Cognition; FAB, Frontal Assessment Battery; SCOPA-PC, SCOPA-Psychiatric Complications; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; PDQ-8, 8-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire; SCOPA-PS, SCOPA-Psychosocial.