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. 2020 Aug 4;11:1720. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01720

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Copyright © 2020 Tian, Terkawi, Onodera, Alhasan, Matsumae, Takahashi, Hamasaki, Ebata, Aly, Kida, Shimizu, Uetsuki, Kadoya and Iwasaki.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of XCL1 on osteoblast activation and function. (A) Effect of XCL1 on the gene expression of inflammatory and osteoclastogenic factors in differentiated osteoblasts. Results represent the means ± SEM of triplicates and ^*indicates a significant difference, as determined by the Tukey's multiple comparisons test (p ≤ 0.05). (B) Effects of stimulation by recombinant proteins on NFKB, SAPK/JNK, P42/p44-MAPK (Erk1/2), and P38- activities. Human osteoblasts were cultured in a differentiation medium supplemented with either XCL1 or TNFα (positive control) and harvested for the gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR or for protein analysis by western blotting.