Fig. 3.

Antibacterial performance: (a–d) Antibacterial rates of the Ti, NS1, NS2, NS3, and NS4 under irradiation with 808 nm NIR light at 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 W cm⁻², respectively; (e) Bacteria colony images ofthe different sample suponirradiation with 808 NIR light at 0.8 W cm⁻² for 15 min; (f) Anti-biofilm performance of the different samples under irradiation with 808 NIR light at 0.8 W cm⁻² for 15 min (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).