Fig. 4.

(a) ¹O₂ and (b) ⋅OH detected by the decay of DPBF and methyl violet under irradiation with 660 NIR at 0.8 W cm⁻² for 15 min, respectively; (c) Temperature change of the TiO₂ nanostructures in air upon irradiation with 660 NIR at 0.8 W cm⁻²; (d) SEM images of E. coli and S. aureus on TiO₂ nanostructures upon irradiation with 808 NIR at 0.8 W cm⁻² for 15 min; (e) Schematic illustration showing the antibacterial mechanism of the TiO₂ nanorod arrays under irradiation of 808 nm laser.