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. 2020 Aug 4;11:947. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00947

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Copyright © 2020 Tretter, Zach, Böhme, Ullrich, Markstaller and Klein.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Molecular mechanisms involved in cellular responses to different oxygen conditions. Abbreviations: AP1, activator protein 1; Ca²⁺, calcium; CamK, Ca²⁺/calmodulin dependent protein kinase; DAG, diacyl glycerol; ETC, electron transport chain; HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; IP3, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NADPH, nicotine amide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NFKB, nuclear factor ‘kappa-light-chain-enhancer’ of activated B-cells; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; O₂, oxygen; PHD, prolyl hydroxylase domain protein; PIP2, phosphatidyl inositol (4,5)-bisphosphate; PLC, phospholipase C; PKC, protein kinase C; Rac, small GTPase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; VHL, von Hippel-Lindau protein.