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. 2020 Aug 11;46(12):2301–2313. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06206-z
This review explains how proportional ventilation modes improve the match between the patient and the ventilator and provide the potential for both lung and diaphragm-protective ventilation. We discuss different methods to titrate inspiratory assist levels, which is a key challenge at the bedside, as optimal targets of respiratory muscle effort may vary among patients and over the course of critical illness.