Table 18.
Tests for genotoxicity/mutagenicity of potato glycoalkaloids (GAs) (α‐solanine, α‐chaconine) and the aglycone (solanidine)
| Test compound (Source) | Test system | Cells/animals | Concentration/Treatment | Result | Comment | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| α‐Solaninea | Reverse mutation assay | S. Typhimurium TA98 and 100 +/−S9 | 10–50 μg/plate | Negative | No positive control | Ness et al. (1984) |
| α‐Solaninea | Reverse mutation assay |
S. Typhimurium TA98, TA100 +/−S9 |
0.07–2.3 μmol/platec |
Negative Positive controls: expected results |
Friedman and Henika (1992) | |
| α‐Solaninea | Micronucleus assay (fetal blood cells) | Swiss‐Webster mice (F) | Single i.p. application at GD15–16: 0.01, 0.02, 0.045 mmol/kg bwd (equivalent to 8.7, 17.4 or 39.1 mg/kg bw) |
Negative Positive controls: expected results |
Number of fetuses per dose group: 54–55 | Friedman and Henika (1992) |
| α‐Solaninea | Micronucleus assay (peripheral blood cells) |
Swiss‐Webster mice (M) No/sex/group: 8 |
Single i.p. application: 0.02, 0.045, 0.09 mmol/kg bwd (equivalent to 17.4, 39.1 or 78.1 mg/kg bw) |
Negative Positive controls: expected results |
Friedman and Henika (1992) | |
| α‐Chaconinea | Reverse mutation assay |
S. Typhimurium TA98, TA100 +/−S9 |
0.07–2.3 μmol/platec |
Negative Positive controls: expected results |
Friedman and Henika (1992) | |
| α‐Chaconinea | Micronucleus assay (peripheral blood cells) |
Swiss‐Webster mice (M) No/sex/group: 8 |
Single i.p. application: 0.01, 0.02, 0.045 mmol/kg bwd (equivalent to 8.5, 17.0 or 38.3 mg/kg bw) |
Negative Positive controls: expected results |
Friedman and Henika (1992) | |
| α‐Chaconina | Micronucleus assay (fetal blood cells) |
Swiss‐Webster mice (F) No of dams/sex/group: n.r. |
Single i.p. application at GD15–16: 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.045 mmol/kg bwd (equivalent to 4.3, 8.5, 17.0 or 38.3 mg/kg bw) |
Negative Positive controls: expected results |
Number of fetuses per dose group: 63–65 (0.005 and 0.01 mol/kg) | Friedman and Henika (1992) |
| Solanidinea | Reverse mutation assay |
S. Typhimurium TA98, TA100 +/−S9 |
0.04–0.58 μmol/platec |
Negative Positive controls: expected results |
Friedman and Henika (1992) | |
| Solanidinea | Micronucleus assay (peripheral blood cells) |
Swiss‐Webster mice (M) No/sex/group: 8 |
Single i.p. application: 0.01, 0.02, 0.045 mmol/kg bwd (equivalent to 4.0, 8.0, 17.9 mg/kg bw) |
Negative Positive controls: expected results |
Friedman and Henika (1992) | |
| Solanidinea | Micronucleus assay (fetal blood cells) |
Swiss‐Webster mice (F) No of dams/sex/group: n.r. |
Single i.p. application at GD15–16: 0.01, 0.02, 0.045 mmol/kg bwd (equivalent to 4.0, 8.0, 17.9 mg/kg bw) |
Negative Positive controls: expected results |
Number of fetuses per does group: 46–50 | Friedman and Henika (1992) |
| Extract of S. tuberosum (plant part not specified)b | Reverse mutation assay | S. Typhimurium TA98 and 100 +/−S9 | 7.5 μg/plate | Negative | No positive control | Ness et al. (1984) |
F: female; M: male; N.r.: not reported; GD: gestational day.
Chemical standard obtained from a commercial supplier, with high purity (95% pure or higher).
A non‐ or only partly purified extract or material for which the GA composition and concentration is given.
The authors reported on the application of 0.07–2.3 mM/plate of α‐solanine (equivalent to 60.7–1996.6 mg per plate) of 0.07–2.3 mM/p of α‐chaconine (equivalent to 59.6 to 1,959.8 mg/plate) and of 0.04–0.58 mM/plate of solanidine (equivalent to 15.9–230.7 mg per plate). The CONTAM Panel assumed a typo and the application of the compounds in μmol/plate as realistic doses.
The authors reported on the application of 0.01, 0.02, 0.045, or 0.09 mol/kg bw of α‐solanine (equivalent to 8.7, 17.4, 39.1 or 78.1 g/kg bw), of 0.01, 0.02 or 0.045 mol/kg bw of α‐chaconine (equivalent to 8.5, 17.0 or 38.3 g/kg bw) and of 0.01, 0.02 or 0.045 mol/kg bw of solanidine (equivalent to 4.8, 8.0 or 17.9 g/kg bw). The CONTAM Panel assumed a typo and the application of the compounds in mmol/kg bw as realistic doses.