Table 19.
Tests for genotoxicity/mutagenicity of aubergine glycoalkaloids (GAs) (α‐solasonine and α‐solamargine)
| Test compound | Test system | Cells/animals | Concentration/Treatment | Result | Comment | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| α‐Solamarginea | Reverse mutation assay | S. Typhimurium TA100, TA98, TA97a and TA102, +/− S9 (rat liver) |
Preincubation test 0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.0 mg/plate Solvent: DMSO Appropriate positive controls |
Positive in TA98 without S9 from 4.5 mg/plate onwards (mutagenic index > 2) Statistical increase in the number of revertants in TA100 +S9 from 2.5 mg/plate onwards, but not biologically significant (mutagenic index < 2) Positive controls: expected results |
The CONTAM Panel noted the limited significance of this finding | Almeida et al. (2010) |
| α‐Solasonine and α‐solamargine (1:1)b | In vitro Comet assay |
Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79) −S9 |
Preliminary cytotoxicity: 1–256 μg/mL Main test: 0, 4, 8, 16, and 32 μg/mL Positive control: MMS |
Cytotoxicity observed from 64 μg/mL onwards Negative MMS as positive control: expected result |
Munari et al. (2012) | |
| α‐Solasonine and α‐solamargine (1:1)b | In vitro chromosomal aberration assay |
Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79) −S9 |
Preliminary cytotoxicity: 1– 256 μg/mL Main test: 0, 4, 8, 16, and 32 μg/mL Positive control: MMS Exposure: 18 h and harvesting at the end of treatment |
Cytotoxicity observed from 64 μg/mL onwards Negative MMS as positive control: expected result |
Munari et al. (2012) | |
| α‐Solasonine and α‐solamargine (1:1)b | In vivo micronucleus assay (peripheral blood cells) | Swiss mice (M) |
Preliminary toxicity test: 15–1,000 mg/kg bw Gavage: 0 (water),15, 30 or 60 mg/kg bw per day for 14 days Blood samples collected 48h, 7 days and 14 days after start of treatment |
Doses above 60 mg/kg bw were toxic No cytotoxicity observed Negative MMS as positive control: expected results |
Munari et al. (2014) | |
| α‐Solasonine and α‐solamargine (1:1)b | In vivo micronucleus assay (bone marrow cells) | Swiss mice (M) |
Gavage: 0 (water) or 60 mg/kg bw per day for 14 days Blood samples collected at end of treatment |
No cytotoxicity observed Negative MMS as positive control: expected result |
Munari et al. (2014) | |
| α‐Solasonine and α‐solamargine (1:1)b | In vivo Comet assay (liver cells) | Swiss mice (M) | Gavage: 0 (water), 60 mg/kg bw per day for 14 days |
No statistically significant decrease of cell viability Negative MMS as positive control: expected result |
Munari et al. (2014) |
MMS: Methyl methanesulfonate; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide.
Extracted from S. palinacanthum Dunal, highly purified.
Extracted from S. lycocarpum St. Hill., 89% purity.