Table 23.

Repeated dose toxicity of glycoalkaloids (GAs) (α‐solanine) and potato protein concentrates in poultry

Test compound	Species Dose route Doses	Observed effects	Highest dose with no effect (mg/kg bw per day)	Lowest dose with effect (mg/kg bw per day)	Reference
α‐Solaninea	Acres chicken (M) No/sex/group: 3 Diet: 0, 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg (equivalent to 0, 1.1–3, 2.2–6 or 4.4–12 mg/kg bw per day) Duration: 46 days	↑bw gain	2.2–6	4.4–12	Vogt and Stute (1969)
Potato protein concentrate containing GAs and also trypsin inhibitors at various concentrationsb	Chicken (F) No/sex/group: 14 Diet: 0, 86.2, 87.7, 154.2, 274.5 or 318.5 mg/kg bw per day Duration: 23 days	↓ decreased height of villi in jejunum + ileum ↓depth of crypts in jejunum	87.7 87.7	154.2 154.2	Tuśnio et al. (2013b)
Potato protein concentrate containing GAs and also trypsin inhibitors at various concentrationsb	Chicken (F) No/sex/group: 24 Diet: 0, 33.8, 67.7 or 101.5 mg/kg bw per day Duration: 35 days	↓feed intake ↓bw gain ↑relative weight of pancreas and liver ↑relative weight of gastrointestinal tract	67.7 67.7 33.8 67.7	101.5 101.5 67.7 101.5	Tuśnio et al. (2013b)

F: female. M: male. Bw: body weight,

^aPoorly characterised chemical standard (e. g. purity or composition not defined).

^bA non‐ or only partly purified extract or material for which the GA composition and concentration is given.