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. 2020 Aug 10;10:13477. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68302-w

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2020

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A2AR activation induces switch in TGF-β molecular signaling from phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 to SMAD1/5/8 pathway. (A) Representative immunohistochemistry pictures of TGF-β expression in OA rats articular cartilage after different treatments. (B) P-SMAD2/3 activation in chondrocytes of rat knees treated with Lipo-CGS. The original magnification of these figures was 40× (the yellow square defines the area of articular cartilage). Plotted below are the number of SMAD1/5/8- and SMAD2/3-positive cells in the cartilage of knees treated with saline, empty liposomes or lipo-ade or lipo-CGS. Each point represents the ratio of positive/total cells from a section from a different animal. Statistical significance was determined by 1-way ANOVA with repeated measures followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test for differences between groups; (C) Shift of SMAD activation from P-SMAD2/3 to P-SMAD1/5/8 in Lipo-CGS and Lipo-ADE treated OA knee in murine model.

A2AR activation induces switch in TGF-β molecular signaling from phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 to SMAD1/5/8 pathway. (A) Representative immunohistochemistry pictures of TGF-β expression in OA rats articular cartilage after different treatments. (B) P-SMAD2/3 activation in chondrocytes of rat knees treated with Lipo-CGS. The original magnification of these figures was 40× (the yellow square defines the area of articular cartilage). Plotted below are the number of SMAD1/5/8- and SMAD2/3-positive cells in the cartilage of knees treated with saline, empty liposomes or lipo-ade or lipo-CGS. Each point represents the ratio of positive/total cells from a section from a different animal. Statistical significance was determined by 1-way ANOVA with repeated measures followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test for differences between groups; (C) Shift of SMAD activation from P-SMAD2/3 to P-SMAD1/5/8 in Lipo-CGS and Lipo-ADE treated OA knee in murine model.