Table 2. Clinical Profile of Patients With Emergent Large Vessel Occlusion With NIHSS Score of 6 or More Who Arrived Very Late (≥16 Hours) From the Time of LKW.
| Variable | Unmatched data set | Propensity score–matched data set | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | P value | SMD | No. (%) | P value | SMD | |||
| Medical management (n = 126) | EVT (n = 24) | Medical management (n = 48) | EVT (n = 24) | |||||
| Demographic variables | ||||||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 70.2 (13.6) | 69.5 (9.7) | .83 | 0.054 | 71.1 (13.6) | 69.5 (9.7) | .61 | 0.136 |
| Male sex | 70 (56) | 11 (46) | .52 | 0.193 | 24 (50) | 11 (46) | .93 | 0.082 |
| Prestroke dependencya | 37 (29) | 4 (17) | .30 | 0.302 | 10 (21) | 4 (17) | .92 | 0.105 |
| Stroke information | ||||||||
| Delay from time LKW, median (IQR), h | 48.0 (25.2-86.3) | 26.3 (19.1-48.2) | .02 | 0.332 | 35.6 (20.9-64.3) | 26.3 (19.1-48.2) | .26 | 0.047 |
| Unwitnessed onset of stroke | 58 (46) | 15 (63) | .21 | 0.331 | 27 (56) | 15 (63) | .80 | 0.126 |
| Baseline NIHSS score, median (IQR) | 12 (7-17) | 14 (9.5-18.5) | .23 | 0.189 | 10 (7-16) | 14 (9.5-18.5) | .08 | 0.356 |
| Volume of ischemic core, median (IQR), mL | 13.2 (3.0-54.0) | 10.6 (0-24.4) | .20 | 0.517 | 5.2 (0-16.7) | 10.6 (0-24.4) | .46 | 0.223 |
| Stroke mechanism | ||||||||
| Large artery atherosclerosis | 85 (68) | 13 (54) | .39 | 0.203 | 32 (67) | 13 (54) | .76 | 0.222 |
| Cardioembolism | 27 (21) | 8 (33) | 12 (25) | 8 (33) | ||||
| Other determined etiology | 4 (3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Undetermined etiology | 10 (8) | 3 (13) | 12 (25) | 3 (13) | ||||
| Location of occlusion | ||||||||
| Proximal ICA or tandem occlusion | 34 (27) | 8 (33) | .35 | 0.057 | 13 (27) | 8 (33) | .76 | 0.090 |
| Distal ICA | 24 (19) | 1 (4) | 5 (10) | 1 (4) | ||||
| M1 | 47 (37) | 10 (42) | 18 (38) | 10 (42) | ||||
| M2 or distal tributaries | 21 (17) | 5 (21) | 12 (25) | 5 (21) | ||||
| Vascular risk factors | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 101 (80) | 16 (67) | .23 | 0.305 | 42 (88) | 16 (67) | .07 | 0.503 |
| Diabetes | 50 (40) | 6 (25) | .26 | 0.314 | 15 (31) | 6 (25) | .78 | 0.137 |
| Dyslipidemia | 36 (29) | 8 (33) | .82 | 0.102 | 14 (29) | 8 (33) | .93 | 0.089 |
| Habitual smoking | 53 (42) | 6 (25) | .18 | 0.363 | 14 (29) | 6 (25) | .93 | 0.092 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 30 (24) | 6 (25) | >.99 | 0.027 | 11 (23) | 6 (25) | >.99 | 0.048 |
| Laboratory test results, mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.4 (2.2) | 12.9 (2.1) | .31 | 0.229 | 13.0 (2.5) | 12.9 (2.1) | .93 | 0.023 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 19.6 (10.0) | 17.8 (14.1) | .57 | 0.141 | 19.5 (11.0) | 17.8 (14.1) | .59 | 0.128 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 (0.7) | 0.9 (0.4) | .72 | 0.066 | 1.0 (1.0) | 0.9 (0.4) | .60 | 0.116 |
| Glucose at arrival, mg/dL | 151 (102) | 133 (42) | .15 | 0.231 | 132 (39) | 133 (42) | .95 | 0.015 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 156 (28) | 143 (29) | .04 | 0.447 | 150 (28) | 143 (29) | .36 | 0.230 |
Abbreviations: EVT, endovascular treatment; ICA, internal carotid artery; IQR, interquartile range; LKW, last known well; M1, M1 portion of middle cerebral artery; M2, M2 portion of middle cerebral artery; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; SMD, standardized mean difference.
SI conversion factors: To convert hemoglobin to grams per liter, multiply by 10.0; blood urea nitrogen to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.357; creatinine to micromoles per liter, multiply by 88.4; and glucose to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0555.
a
Prestroke dependency, modified Rankin Scale score of 1 or more before the index stroke.