Table 3.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Nanomaterials

	Advantages	Disadvantages
Liposome	Low toxicity Prolonged half-life of drug Biodegradable	Limited storage condition Blurring after intravitreal injection
Niosomes	Non-ionic surfactants Low toxicity Non-immunogenic Can encapsulate hydrophilic, lipophilic, and amphiphilic drugs	Inefficient drug loading Aggregation Physical instability
Inorganic nanoparticles	Low cost Stability Biocompatibility Ease in surface modification Uniform in size	Possible toxicity Low clearance
Dendrimer	Tunable size Tunable physical property	Inefficient drug loading Possible toxicity
Nanosuspension	Rapid dissolution through IV administration Less irritation Higher bioavailability	Physical instability
Cyclodextrin complexes	Chemical stability High aqueous solubility	May cause irritation Safety concern
Nanocrystals	Tunable particle size Sustained release of drug Improved dose proportionality Applicability to all administration routes	Physiochemical instability Uniform dosage cannot be achieved
Nanodiamonds	Chemical stability Small size Large surface area High absorption capacity Stable drug complex	Potential toxicity (difficult to remove all organic solvent) No sustained release of drug