Table 3.
Test Performance of Depression Screening Tools for Identification of Pain interference symptoms, anxiety, and Substance Use among Veterans Aging Cohort Study Participants.
| PHQ-9 |
PHQ-2 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHQ9≥10 | PHQ9≥15 | PHQ9≥20 | PHQ2 ≥3 | |
| Anxiety | ||||
| Sensitivity | 40% | 22% | 11% | 36% |
| Specificity | 95% | 98% | 100% | 94% |
| Positive predictive value | 88% | 93% | 95% | 85% |
| Likelihood ratio | 8.24 | 14.11 | 21.57 | 6.29 |
| % Correctly classified | 69% | 62% | 57% | 67% |
| Moderate/High pain interference | ||||
| Sensitivity | 40% | 22% | 11% | 36% |
| Specificity | 91% | 96% | 99% | 91% |
| Positive predictive value | 74% | 79% | 84% | 71% |
| Likelihood ratio | 4.36 | 5.85 | 7.84 | 3.83 |
| % Correctly classified | 71% | 67% | 64% | 69% |
| Alcohol use (AUDIT ≥ 8) | ||||
| Sensitivity | 34% | 18% | 9% | 30% |
| Specificity | 80% | 91% | 96% | 82% |
| Positive predictive value | 16% | 17% | 19% | 16% |
| Likelihood ratio | 1.72 | 1.87 | 2.02 | 1.64 |
| % Correctly classified | 76% | 83% | 87% | 76% |
| Current smoker | ||||
| Sensitivity | 25% | 14% | 6% | 24% |
| Specificity | 82% | 91% | 96% | 83% |
| Positive predictive value | 52% | 53% | 53% | 52% |
| Likelihood ratio | 1.39 | 1.43 | 1.45 | 1.39 |
| % Correctly classified | 57% | 57% | 57% | 57% |
| Current heavy smoker | ||||
| Sensitivity | 26% | 14% | 7% | 24% |
| Specificity | 81% | 90% | 96% | 82% |
| Positive predictive value | 31% | 31% | 32% | 30% |
| Likelihood ratio | 1.40 | 1.41 | 1.47 | 1.34 |
| % Correctly classified | 68% | 72% | 74% | 68% |
| Marijuana | ||||
| Sensitivity | 26% | 13% | 6% | 24% |
| Specificity | 80% | 89% | 95% | 81% |
| Positive predictive value | 26% | 25% | 23% | 25% |
| Likelihood ratio | 1.34 | 1.25 | 1.15 | 1.28 |
| % Correctly classified | 69% | 74% | 76% | 69% |
| Illicit opioid use a | ||||
| Sensitivity | 31% | 17% | 8% | 28% |
| Specificity | 83% | 91% | 96% | 83% |
| Positive predictive value | 54% | 54% | 54% | 52% |
| Likelihood ratio | 1.84 | 1.79 | 1.79 | 1.68 |
| % Correctly classified | 63% | 62% | 61% | 62% |
| Injection drug use | ||||
| Sensitivity | 38% | 21% | 8% | 32% |
| Specificity | 78% | 88% | 94% | 79% |
| Positive predictive value | 8% | 8% | 7% | 7% |
| Likelihood ratio | 1.73 | 1.75 | 1.53 | 1.54 |
| % Correctly classified | 76% | 85% | 91% | 77% |
| Crack/Cocaine use | ||||
| Sensitivity | 31% | 17% | 8% | 28% |
| Specificity | 81% | 90% | 95% | 81% |
| Positive predictive value | 21% | 21% | 21% | 20% |
| Likelihood ratio | 1.59 | 1.62 | 1.60 | 1.48 |
| % Correctly classified | 74% | 79% | 83% | 74% |
| Other stimulants b | ||||
| Sensitivity | 38% | 20% | 8% | 34% |
| Specificity | 79% | 89% | 95% | 81% |
| Positive predictive value | 5% | 5% | 4% | 5% |
| Likelihood ratio | 1.87 | 1.87 | 1.63 | 1.75 |
| % Correctly classified | 78% | 87% | 93% | 79% |
a
Includes non-medical use of prescription opioids “such as Oxycontin, Vicodin, Percocet” or heroin use (note: prescription opioids were not assessed during the 2005-07 survey wave).
b
Other stimulants defined as “amphetamines, uppers, speed, crank, crystal meth, bam.”